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AP Government > Chs 1-3 > Flashcards

Chs 1-3 Flashcards

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1
Q

The institution in which decisions are made that resolve conflicts or allocates benefits and privileges is known as

A

Government

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2
Q

Totalitarianism

A

The system of government, usually a dictatorship, using force to lead and control people

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3
Q

The procedures by which voters can propose a law or constitutional amendment is

A

Initiative

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4
Q

The framers of the constitution chose to create a

A

Republic

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5
Q

The framers of the constitution viewed direct democracy as

A

Dangerous and representative democracy was more reliable

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6
Q

Majoritarianism

A

A political theory holding that in a democracy, the government should do what the majority of the people want

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7
Q

Why do many scholars believe that majoritarianism is a poor description of the how U.S. democracy works

A

Many people don’t know about politics/ low level voter turnout

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8
Q

The perspective that society is ruled by a small number of people who exercise power to further their self interest is

A

Elite theory

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9
Q

The theory that views conflicts among interest groups using bargaining and compromise is

A

Pluralism

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10
Q

The concept that ultimate power authority is based on the will of the people

A

Popular sovereignty

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11
Q

—– is one of our most prized liberties because democracy could not endure without it

A

Freedom of speech

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12
Q

As a political value, equality is defined as the idea that all people

A

Are of equal worth

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13
Q

Economic system characterized by the private ownership of wealth creating assets, free markets, and freedom of contract

A

Capitalism

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14
Q

The comprehensive set of beliefs about the nature of people and the role of the government

A

Ideology

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15
Q

Set of beliefs that includes a limited role for the national government in helping individuals, support for policies favoring traditional values and lifestyles and a cautious response to change

A

Conservatism

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16
Q

Set of beliefs that includes the advocacy of positive government action to improve the welfare of individuals, support for civil rights, and tolerance for political and social change

A

Liberalism

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17
Q

Like other economically advanced countries the U.S. has in recent decades experienced

A

Falling birth rates and increase in a number of older citizens

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18
Q

The most recent statistics show that the greatest percentage of immigrants to the U.S. came from

A

Mexico

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19
Q

Which of the following is true about voter turnout in the U.S.

A

50%-50% or 51%-49%

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20
Q

The centralized government system in which local government exercise only those powers given to them by the central government

A

Unitary government system

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21
Q

The system consisting of a league of independent states, each having essentially sovereign powers and a central government with limited powers

A

Confederal government system

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22
Q

System of government in which authority is divided between central and regional governments

A

Federal government system

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23
Q

The U.S. employs a

A

Federal system

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24
Q

Powers granted to the national government by the constitution

A

Enumerated powers

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25
Q

The special category of national powers that derive from the fact that the U.S. is a sovereign power among nations and thus it’s national government must be the only government that deals with other nations

A

Inherent powers

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26
Q

Powers not given to the federal government by the constitution are

A

Reserved by the states or the people

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27
Q

Power held jointly by the national and state governments

A

Concurrent powers

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28
Q

Constitutional provision that makes it and federal laws superior to all conflicting state and local laws

A

Supremacy clause

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29
Q

Legislation enacted on the national level is said to—conflicting state or local laws in that area

A

Preempt

30
Q

Article IV of the constitution requires states to give full faith and credit to

A

The acts and judicial decisions of other states

31
Q

Decision of government power in Canada is different from that in the U.S. because

A

Canada is a constitutional monarchy

32
Q

Civil unions

A

Recognized by the government as legal couples

33
Q

The principle of —-requires states to extend citizens of other states the protection of the laws and other privileges that they grant their own citizens

A

Principle of principles and immunities

34
Q

In McCullough vs Maryland the Supreme Court

A

Ruled in a manse that enabled the national government to grow and meet problems the farmers were never able to foresee/ government has implied powers

35
Q

Chief Justice—did much to increase the power of the national government and to reduce that of the states in the early part of the 19th century

A

John Marshall

36
Q

The controversy over—took the form of a dispute over national government supremacy versus the rights of the separate clauses

A

Slavery

37
Q

The first national income tax was passes to

A

Pay for the debt caused by the civil war

38
Q

In what way was the constitution amended in the years immediately following the civil war so that the power of states was limited

A

National government tells state governments what to do—less state power

39
Q

In the civil war era the Supreme Court

A

Lost influence because it had supported slavery up to the beginning of the civil war

40
Q

States and the national government each remain supreme within their own sphere in the system of

A

Dual federalism

41
Q

Federal grants to states or local governments that are for specific programs or projects

A

Categorical grants

42
Q

Federal programs that provide funds to state and local government for general functional areas

A

Block grants

43
Q

The transfer of power from the national government to state and local government is

A

Devolution

44
Q

The Boston tea party was prompted by

A

British taxes on a wide range of goods and products

45
Q

The first Continental congress that met in 1774

A

Approved a resolution requesting that the colonies send a petition to king George III expressing their grievances

46
Q

The second continental congress that met in 1775

A

Established an army and named George Washington commander in chief

47
Q

Common sense written by

A

Thomas Paine

48
Q

The Declaration of Independence

A

Jefferson declared separation from king

49
Q

After the U.S. gained its independence, the first system of government was created by

A

Articles of confederation

50
Q

The articles of confederation operated in manner that

A

Prevented congress from having the power to demand revenues from the states or the ability to enforce its decisions

51
Q

The actions of—demonstrated the inability of the federal government under the articles of confederation to protect….

A

Daniel shay

52
Q

“Master builder or father of constitution”

A

James Madison

53
Q

The delegates to the constitutional convention were

A

Experienced in politics and the military

54
Q

Edmund Randolph’s Virginia plan

A

Called for a national executive that would be elected by the legislative body

55
Q

The 3/5’s compromise,

A

Avoided the use of the word slave instead referring to all people

56
Q

James Madison argued in federalist paper #51 that the “ greatest security against a gradual concentration of the several powers in the same department” was

A

Identification in the constitution of the specific powers that the branches of government would possess

57
Q

Electoral college

A

A group of people who are selected by the voters in each state—elect president and Vice President

58
Q

The framers established the constitution would be ratified if approved

A

9/13 state legislatures

59
Q

The federalist papers were written by

A

Alexander Hamilton

60
Q

Some historian have suggested that if a Gallup poll could have been taken at the time of the ratification of the constitution

A

There would have been more anti-federalists than federalists

61
Q

Constitutional amendments can be proposed by

A

2/3 of both houses of congress

62
Q

According to the constitution, a national constitutional convention can be called by

A

2/3 of the states

63
Q

Constitutional amendments can be ratified by

A

3/4 of state legislatures

64
Q

Congress chose to use state conventions instead of state legislatures as the method of ratification of the amendment

A

Repealing prohibition

65
Q

The constitutional amendment process has been used to

A
  • Limit the # of terms a president can serve

- Allow congress to propose an income tax

66
Q

Which practice was abolished by a constitutional amendment

A

13th- slavery

67
Q

The —-prohibited the denial of the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude

A

15 amendment

68
Q

The power of the supreme court to declare actions of the other branches of government to be unconstitutional is

A

Judicial review

69
Q

The right of people to peacefully assemble is protected by

A

1st amendment

70
Q

Protection from unreasonable search and seizures is guaranteed by

A

4th amendment

71
Q

Cruel and unusually punishment is prohibited by

A

8th amendment

72
Q

Because of the frustrations with king George, the continental congress used the articles of confederation to create a government that had

A

Very little power

AP Government (5 decks)

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