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ap government > Ch. 13 and 14 > Flashcards

Ch. 13 and 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

Bureaucracy is the name given to

A

A large organization that is hierarchically structured and carries out specific functions

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2
Q

A large organization that is hierarchically structured and carries out specific functions

A

Bureaucracy

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3
Q

Within a bureaucracy the units are divided according to

A

Hierarchy

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4
Q

One of the important differences between public (government) bureaucracies and private corporations is that government bureaucracies

A

Are not organized to make a profit

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5
Q

Organizations that are directly accountable to the president and are responsible for performing government functions, such as printing money and training troops, are known as

A

Line organizations

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6
Q

The weberian model of bureaucracy characterizes it as having

A

Hierarchical organizations in which decisions are based on logical reasoning

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7
Q

The acquisitive model of bureaucracy holds that

A

Top level bureaucrats as seeking to expand the size of their budgets and start t gain greater power

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8
Q

Government agencies with leaders who seek to expand their organization’s budgets and staffs to gain power are known as

A

Acquisitive agencies

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9
Q

The monopolistic model of bureaucracy states that

A

Lack of competition in bureaucracies and monopolistic business forms, leads to inefficient and costly operations

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10
Q

Government agencies that are thought to be inefficient because they lack competitors called

A

Monopolistic agencies

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11
Q

Compared to governmental bureaucracies in other countries, the federal bureaucracy in the U.S.

A

Enjoys a greater degrees of autonomy that federal or national bureaucracies in other countries

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12
Q

The securities and exchange commission, the EPA, and the nuclear regulatory commission are examples o

A

Administrative agencies

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13
Q

A federal, state, or local government unit created by legislative bodies to administer and enforce specific laws and to perform a specific function are known as

A

Administrative agencies

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14
Q

The number of federal government employees has

A

Remained stable for the last several decades

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15
Q

If all government employees are included, more than —-of all civilian employment is accounted for by government

A

16%

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16
Q

Today, government spending accounts for about ——of the U.S. gross domestic product

A

30%

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17
Q

With subsidies for Amtrak exceeding $1 billion/year, a member of congress notes that “every time a passenger boards a train, Uncle Sam writes a check for —– on average”

A

$138.71

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18
Q

The cabinet departments can be described in management terms as

A

Line organizations

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19
Q

The first cabinet department to be created

A

State department

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20
Q

The only cabinet department not headed by a secretary is

A

Justice department

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21
Q

Independent executive agencies are

A

Bureaucratic organizations that aren’t located within a department but report directly to the president, who appoints their chief officials

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22
Q

——–were set up because congress felt it was unable to handle the complexities and technicalities required to carry out specific laws in the public interest

A

Independent regulatory agencies

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23
Q

Labor, agriculture, and interior are all examples of

A

Departments in the presidents cabinet

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24
Q

The CIA, EPA, and the national aeronautical and space administration are examples of

A

Independent executive agencies

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25
Q

The federal reserve, securities and exchange commission, and the national labor relations board are all examples of

A

Independent executive agencies

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26
Q

When the industry that is being regulates gains control over the agency that is supposed to regulate it, this is called

A

Captured

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27
Q

Amtrak, the U.S. postal service, and the Tennessee valley authority are examples o

A

Government corporations

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28
Q

The creation of the department of homeland security merged 22 agencies responsible for fighting terrorism into a single department, a process that illustrates

A

How an administrative agency can gain department status

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29
Q

The spoils system can be viewed as

A

A system of patronage

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30
Q

The merit system refers to

A

The selection, retention, and promotion of government employees on the basis of competitive examinations

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31
Q

Pendleton act ( civil service reform act)

A

Act that established the principle of employment on the basis of merit and created the civil service commission to administer personnel service

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32
Q

Civil service reform act of 1978

A

Abolished the civil service commission and created 2 new federal agencies in place of it

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33
Q

Hatch act

A

Prohibited federal employees from actively participating in the political management of campaigns

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34
Q

The “government and sunshine act”

A

Required all committee directed federal agencies to conduct their business regularly in public session

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35
Q

Freedom of information act

A

Required federal government agencies, with certain exceptions, to disclose to individuals, on their request, any information about them contained in government files

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36
Q

Sunset legislators requires

A

Existing programs be reviewed regularly for their effectiveness and be terminated unless specifically extended as a result of their reviews

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37
Q

Privatization

A

The replacement of government services with services provided by private firms

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38
Q

Supporters of privatization argue that

A

Some services could be provided more efficiently by the private sector

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39
Q

A “whistle-blower”

A

Someone who “blows the whistle” on a gross governmental inefficiency or illegal action

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40
Q

The whistle blower protection act

A

Established office of special council( OSC)–made to investigate complaints brought by government employees who have been demoted, fired, or sanctioned for reporting government fraud or waste

41
Q

With negotiated rule making, federal agencies have begun encouraging businesses and public interest groups to become directly involved in

A

Negotiated rule making

42
Q

Iron triangle

A

3 way alliance among legislators, bureaucrats, and interest groups to make or preserve policies that benefit their respective networks

43
Q

Issue networks

A

A group of individual sir organizations that support a particular policy position on a given issue

44
Q

A major power that congress has over the federal bureaucracy is

A

The authority to extend or limit appropriations

45
Q

The investigative power of congress is often

A

Delegated to the government accountability office

46
Q

The most common occupation of presidents in the U.S. has been

A

Lawyers

46
Q

The constitution states that the minimum age requirement for the presidency is

A

35 years

47
Q

Who was the youngest person to be elected president

A

JFK

48
Q

To be elected president one must receive

A

A simply majority of the electoral vote

49
Q

If the electoral college fails to give any presidential candidate a majority, the election of the president is determined by

A

The house

50
Q

A constitutional amendment to clarify the way votes are cast in the electoral college was necessary because

A

There was no way to tell which votes were for the president or the VP

51
Q

Which constitutional amendment specifies the separate election of the president and VP by the electoral college

A

12th amendment

52
Q

The last war to be fought under a congressional declaration of war was

A

WWII

53
Q

The president, in his capacity as head of state, is responsible for

A

Engaging in activities that are largely symbolic or ceremonial in nature

54
Q

In most democratic governments, the head of state is

A

Given to someone other than the chief executive

55
Q

Going on official state visits to other countries, decorating war heroes and dedicating parks are all examples of the presidents role as

A

Head of state

56
Q

As chief executive, the president is constitutionally bound to

A

Enforce the acts of congress, the judgements of federal courts, and treaties signed by the U.S.

57
Q

If the president is dissatisfied with the performance of a member of the cabinet, the most drastic step that he is able to take is to

A

Fire the person

58
Q

The granting of release from the punishment for a crime is

A

Pardon

59
Q

As commander in chief the president is

A

Head of the military and decides how to use the military

60
Q

President ——-made the decision to drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

A

President Truman

61
Q

As chief diplomat, the president

A

Has the responsibility for setting the direction of foreign policy

62
Q

Before a treaty can become legally binding, the treaty must be

A

Approved by 2/3 votes in the senate

63
Q

Executive agreements are

A

International agreements made by the president , w/o senatorial ratification, with the head of a foreign speech

64
Q

The role of the president in influencing the making of laws is called

A

Chief legislator

65
Q

The state of the union message

A

An annual message to congress and the American people in which the president proposes a legislative program

66
Q

If the president uses a veto, he or she

A

Must return the bill to congress with a veto message

67
Q

A pocket veto

A

A special veto exercised by the chief executive after a legislative body has adjourned

68
Q

Line item veto

A

The power of the executive to veto individual line or items within a piece of legislation w/o vetoing the entire bill

69
Q

Veto

A

The power to forbid legislation

70
Q

A power crested for the president through laws passed by congress is called

A

Statutory powers

71
Q

The U.S. senates power to review and approve treaties and presidential appointments is

A

Advice and consent

72
Q

The presidents authority to fill a government office or position in the executive branch and federal judiciary is

A

Appointment power

73
Q

A formal postponement of the execution of a sentence imposed by a court of law is

A

Reprieve

74
Q

Rewarding faithful party workers with government employment is

A

Patronage/spoils system/ merit system/ executive leadership system

75
Q

Presidential approval ratings tend to be

A

Very high when a new president takes office with a decline in the last 2 years of the second term

76
Q

“Going public”

A

When the president is given additional power through the ability to persuade and manipulate public opinion

77
Q

“Washington community” refers to

A

Individuals regularly involved with politics in Washington DC

78
Q

President ——suspended civil liberties and called state militias into national service

A

President Lincoln

79
Q

Executive order

A

Rules or regulations issued by the president that have the same effect as law

80
Q

Publication of the executive branch that prints executive orders, rules and regulations

A

Federal register

81
Q

Executive privilege

A

The right of the president, or member of his administration, to refuse to provide congress with information

82
Q

An inherent power exercised by the president during a period of national crisis

A

Emergency power

83
Q

According to the constitution, impeachment

A

Begins in the house which accuses the federal officer involved

84
Q

In the history of the U.S., no president has ever

A

Actually been impeached and also convicted–and thus removed from office

85
Q

The following 2 presidents are the only 2 in American history to have actually been impeached

A

Andrew Johnson and bill Clinton

86
Q

Informal advisors to the president

A

Kitchen cabinet

87
Q

The cabinet is

A

An advisory group selected by the president to aid in making decisions

88
Q

White House office, national security council, and the office of management and budget are all part of

A

The executive office of the president

89
Q

The office that works most closely with the president

A

White House office

90
Q

Office of management and budget

A

Advises the president on creating a budget for the country

91
Q

National security council(NSC)

A

Link between foreign and domestic affairs

92
Q

Chief of staff

A

Manages media affairs and scheduling for the president

93
Q

According to the 25th amendment, if a president’s ability to discharge his normal functions is in question and he is unable to communicate

A

The VP may replace the president, nominate a new VP, with the approval of a majority of both houses of congress

94
Q

If the office of the VP becomes vacant

A

The president nominates a replacement who must be approved by both chambers of congress

95
Q

U.S. Senators have a difficult time being elected president because they

A

Don’t have executive experience

96
Q

The requirement that the president of the U.S. report to congress within 48 hours of sending troops into hostilities and then obtain approval of congress within 60 days is established by

A

War powers resolution

97
Q

A written declaration that a president makes when signing a bill into law, often including statements pointing out sections of the law that the president deems unconstitutional, is known as

A

Signing statements

ap government (5 decks)

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