Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DH 2 > CHRONIC PAIN > Flashcards

CHRONIC PAIN Flashcards

1
Q

what is pain

A

Subjective symptom that causes the patient discomfort
Indicates tissue injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is sensory anatomy of pain

A

discriminative, helps localise the site of pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is affective anatomy of pain

A

carries information on the degree of pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is acute pain

A

Lasting minutes to 3 months
Reduces as injury/inflammation heals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is cognitive anatomy of pain?

A

thoughtful planning to avoid + prevent further pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is chronic pain?

A

Pain lasting >3 months
Challenging to treat
Persistent, long term pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is primary chronic pain?

A

has no underlying condition or the pain (or its impact) appears to be out of proportion to any observable injury or disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is secondary chronic pain?

A

caused by underlying condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the aetiology of chronic pain

A

Multifactorial problem
Involves the nervous system
Amplification of pain signals
Can be associated with an initial injury or inflammation to tissues, leading to:
Normal response or Abnormal response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the demographic risk factors?

A
  • female
  • age over 45
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the socio-economic risk factors

A
  • socio-economic deprivation
  • unemployment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are lifestyle risk factors?

A
  • smoking
  • alcohol
  • inactivity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are clinical risk factors

A
  • multimorbidity
  • obesity
  • comorbid personality disorder
  • psychological distress
  • history of trauma or chronic pain
  • sleep disorder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are other risk factors

A
  • family history of chronic pain syndromes
  • pregnancy
  • attitudes and beliefs about pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the chronic primary pain examples?

A
  • Chronic widespread pain
  • Complex chronic regional pain syndrome
  • Chronic primary headache & orofacial pain
  • Chronic primary visceral pain
  • Chronic primary musculoskeletal pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the risk factors of chronic widespread pain

A

Female
Middle age
Low household income
Low educational status
Divorced & dramatic life events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is chronic widespread pain?

A
  • long lasting pain in multiple body regions
  • hypothesised to be caused by aberrant peripheral and central pain processing
  • no clear pathology
  • fibromyalgia
    associated with IBS + chronic headache syndromes
17
Q

what are the associated symptoms with chronic widespread pain?

A

Fatigue
Concentration problems
Psychological distress

18
Q

what is complex regional pain syndrome?

A

case unknown
thought to be result of body reacting abnormally to an injury
resulting in more sever pain which lasts longer than expected

19
Q

what are the clinical features of complex regional pain syndrome?

A

Pain usually only affecting one limb
Allodynia/hyperalgesia
Burning/stabbing/stinging/tingling/numbness
Episodic flare-ups (often linked to stress)
Changes to skin/hair/nail growth in region affected

20
Q

What is biomedical assessment?

A
  • history
  • physical examination
  • investigations
  • previous and current treatment
21
Q

what is psychological assessment?

A
  • assesses mood
  • review psychiatric history, alcohol and illicit drug use, misuse, dependence or addiction, history of physical or sexual abuse
22
Q
A
23
Q

what is social assessment?

A
  • ability to self-care
  • occupational performance
  • influence of family on pain behaviour
23
Q

What are the investigations?

A
  • Cancer screening tests
  • Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) or C-reactive protein
  • Full blood count
  • Thyroid function tests
  • Ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan
  • X-ray
24
Q

What is the DEPR for managing chronic pain?

A
  • Discuss (goals, priorities)
  • explain (current evidence, suitable options)
  • provide (info)
  • review (options for support)
25
Q

What are the non-pharmacological options?

A
  • supervised group exercise programme
  • acceptance and commitment therapy
  • Cognitive behavioural therapy
  • acupuncture or dry needling
25
Q

What are the benefits of ACT

A

Improved quality of life & sleep
Reduced pain & psychological distress
Cost effective

26
Q

What are the benefits of CBT

A

Psychological treatment
Effective in a range of mental health disorders
Leads to improvement in quality of life

27
Q

What are the benefits of acupuncture?

A

Effective in short term
Delivered in a community setting
Delivered by a band 7 (equivalent or lower) healthcare professional with appropriate training

28
Q

what is an example of a tricyclic antidepressant?

A

amitriptyline

29
Q

what is the MOA of amitriptyline?

A

Increases NA & serotonin concentration within the synaptic cleft by inhibiting receptors

30
Q

what is amitriptyline used for

A

Anxiety disorders, depression, neuropathic pain

31
Q

what are the side effects of amitriptyline?

A

Anticholinergic syndrome
QT prolongation
Drowsiness
High risk of fatality if taken in overdose

32
Q

What are the examples of Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

A

Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Citalopram

33
Q

what is the MOA of SSRI

A

Selectively inhibit the reuptake of serotonin, leading to a high concentration of serotonin in the synaptic cleft

34
Q

What are SSRI’s used for?

A

Anxiety disorders, depression, OCD
Full effect may take up to 6 weeks & if effective, should be continued for at least 6 months after recovery

35
Q

What are the potential side effects of SSRI’s?

A

Worsening of anxiety, causing agitation & suicidal ideation (within first 2 weeks)
GI upset, including diarrhoea (within first 2 weeks)
Sexual dysfunction
QTc prolongation
Electrolyte imbalance (SIADH)

36
Q

What is an example of

A

Serotonin & noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)

37
Q

What is the MOA of SNRI?

A

Blocks NA & serotonin reuptake leading to high levels of NA & serotonin in the synapse

38
Q

What are SNRI’s used for?

A

anxiety, depression

39
Q

What are the potential side effects of SNRI’s?

A

Worsening of anxiety
Hypertension
Palpitations
Sexual dysfunction
Urinary disorders
Risk of withdrawal is high

DH 2 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions