Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia Flashcards
1
Q
what chromosome is associated with chronic myeloid leukaemia?
A
philadelphia chromosome
2
Q
what is the cause of the philadelphia chromosome?
A
translocation between the long arm of chromosome 9 and 22
3
Q
how does chronic myeloid leukaemia present?
A
- anaemia –> lethargy
- weight loss and sweating
- splenomegaly –> abdo discomfort
4
Q
at what age does chronic myeloid leukaemia typically present?
A
60-70 years
5
Q
what is seen on blood tests in chronic myeloid leukaemia?
A
- increse in granulocytes at different stages of maturation
- thrombocytosis
- decreased leukocyte alkaline phosphatase
- blast transformation
6
Q
what is the 1st line management in chronic myeloid leukaemia?
A
imatinib
inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase associated with BCR-ABL defect
7
Q
what are the management options for chronic myeloid leukaemia?
A
- imatinib
- hydroxyurea
- interferon-alpha
- allogenic bone marrow transplant
8
Q
how does the philadelphia chromosome increase the likelihood of developing chronic myeloid leukaemia?
A
- ABL proto-onocgene from chromosome 9 fuses with BCR gene from chromosome 22
- ABL-BCR gene codes for a fusion protein
- tyrosine kinase activity in excess
