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Hematology and Oncology ERIN > Chronic leukemia > Flashcards

Chronic leukemia Flashcards

1
Q

How is chronic leukemia different than acute leukemia?

A

chronic leukemia is the neoplastic proliferation of MATURE circulation cells whereas acute leukemia is the proliferation of balsts

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2
Q

types of chronic leukemias

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
Hairy cell leukemia
Adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL)
Mycosis fungoides

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3
Q

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) pathophys

A

Neoplastic proliferation of naive B cells

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4
Q

Markers of Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

A

co-expression of CD5 and CD20

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5
Q

Blood smear findings of Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

A

increased lymphocytes and smudge cells

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6
Q

what does involvement of the lymph nodes in Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) lead to?

A

generalized lymphadenopathy called small lymphocytic lymphoma

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7
Q

Complications of Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

A

Hypogammaglobulinemia - may lead to infection
Autoimmune hemolyitc anemia –immunoglobulin may target own cells
Transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (richer transformation)

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8
Q

What is richter transformation?

A

A transformation of Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) to large B-cell lymphoma, marked clinically by an enlarging lymph node or spleen

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9
Q

What cells proliferate in hairy cell leukemia?

A

Mature B cells

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10
Q

How are the cells in hairy cell leukemia characterized?

A

mature b cells with hairy cytoplasmic processes that are tartrate-resistance acid phosphatase positive (TRAP)

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11
Q

Clinical features of hairy cell leukemia

A

splenomegaly (hairy cells accumulate in red pulp) and dry tap on bone marrow aspiration (marrow fibrosis)

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12
Q

treatment of hairy cell leukemia

A

Great response to cladribine (adenosine deaminase inhibitor)

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13
Q

What cell proliferates in adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL)?

A

Mature CD4+ t cells

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14
Q

What is adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) associated with?

A

HTLV-1

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15
Q

Clinical features of adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL)

A

Rash (from skin infiltration), generalized lymphadenopathy with hepatosplenomegaly, and lytic bone lesions with hypercalcemia

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16
Q

What cells proliferate in mycosis fungoides?

A

mature CD4+ t cells

17
Q

Clinical features of mycosis fungoides

A

localized skin rash, plaques, nodules. ‘Pautrier microabscesses’

18
Q

What happens if the cells of mycosis fungoides involve the blood?

A

Its called Sezary syndrome which is characterized by lymphocytes with cerebriform nuclei on blood smear

Hematology and Oncology ERIN (12 decks)

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