chronic kidney disease and kidney failure (W3) Flashcards
azotemia
symptoms of build-up of toxins because of decreased of kidney function
oliguria
decrease of urine output, < 400 ml/24 hours
proteinuria
protein in urine because of damage to gomerulus
GFR
amount of blood filtered by glomerulus
function of kidneys
maintain fluid and electrolyte homeostasis, rid body of water-soluble waste via urine
3 important endocrine functions of the kidney
- produce erythropoietin which stimulates RBC production
- activates vitamin D- think bones
- produces renin, which helps regulate BP
lab values
BUN 10-20 mg/dL
creatinine 0.5-1.2 mg/dL
BUN and creatinine should have 10:1 ratio
GFR < 90 mL/min
what is CKD?
presences of kidney damage for more than 3 months with or without GFR of <60
inability to: maintain acid-base balance, removed end products of metabolism, maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
stages of CKD
1- kidney damage with normal or increased GFR (GFR > 90)
2. kidney damage with mild decreases in GFR (GFR 60-89)
3. moderate decrease in GFR (GFR 30-59)
4. severe decrease in GFR (12-29)
5. ESRD (GFR <15)
causes of ESRD
diabetes
hypertension
glomerulonephritis
other
RF for CKD
family history of CKD, vascular problems, diabetes
> 60 yo
men
african american
smoking
obese
htn
dm
pathogenesis of CKD
- glomerulosclerosis AKA scar tissue
- interstitial fibrosis
- interstitial inflammation
what plays a major role in the process?
complement, inflammatory process which results in destruction
increase of angiotensin 2, increase BP
manifestations of CKD
1- asymptomatic
2- asymptomatic/htn
3. htn/otherwise asymptomatic
4. manifestations aparent, diagnosis here!
5. uremia, kidneys no longer functioning, GFR <15
uremia
retention of metabolic waste, not voiding
back up of: urea, creatinine, phenols, hormones, electrolytes, water
SEEN WITH GFR < 10 mL/min
