Chronic kidney disease

Question 1

Causes of chronic kidney disease

Answer 1

Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, Glomerulonephritis, Pyelonephritis, Polycystic kidney disease, Renal vascular disease

Question 2

Symptoms of chronic kidney disease

Answer 2

Asymptomatic, Tiredness, Weight loss, Nausea

Question 3

Signs of chronic kidney disease

Answer 3

Hypertension, Pupura, Peripheral oedema

Question 4

Investigations for chronic kidney disease

Answer 4

Bloods: U+Es, FBC

Urinalysis, Renal biopsy

Question 5

Blood findings with chronic kidney disease

Answer 5

U+Es: Raised Urea, Cr - Decreased eGFR, Ca

FBC: Decreased Hb

Question 6

Urinalysis findings with chronic kidney disease

Answer 6

Proteinuria, Haematuria

Question 7

Management of chronic kidney disease

Answer 7

Conservative: Smoking cessation, Weight loss, Low protein diet, Low K diet
Medical: ACE inhibitor, Epo and Fe infusion, Diuretics, Vitamin D, Immunosuppressants, Dialysis
Surgical: Renal transplant

Question 8

Indication for dialysis in chronic kidney disease

Answer 8

eGFR

Question 9

Indication for renal transplant

Answer 9

eGFR

Question 10

Symptoms of polycystic kidney disease

Answer 10

Abdominal pain, Haematuria, Renal calculi, Hypertension, Headache

Question 11

Signs of polycystic kidney disease

Answer 11

Palpable kidney, Liver cyst

Question 12

Investigations for polycystic kidney disease

Answer 12

Bloods: U+Es

Urine dip, MR-angiography

Question 13

Management of polycystic kidney disease

Answer 13

Conservative: Increase water intake, Decrease caffeine and Na intake
Medical: ACE inhibitors
Surgical: Nephrectomy, Transplant, Dialysis