Acute kidney disease

Question 1

Pre-renal causes of AKI

Answer 1

Shock, CCF, ACE-Inhibitors, NSAIDs, Renal artery stenosis

Question 2

Renal causes of AKI

Answer 2

Nephritis, Vasculitis, Nephrotoxins, Rhabdomyolysis

Question 3

Post-renal causes of AKI

Answer 3

Tumour, Stones

Question 4

Sequelae of AKI

Answer 4

Hyperkalaemia, Volume overload, Metabolic acidosis

Question 5

Symptoms of AKI

Answer 5

Asymptomatic, Oliguria, Anuria

Question 6

Signs of pre-renal AKI

Answer 6

Hypotension, Tachycardia

Question 7

Signs of post-renal AKI

Answer 7

Palpable bladder, Raised JVP

Question 8

Investigations for AKI

Answer 8

Bloods: U+Es, FBC, LFTs, CRP, Auto-antibodies

Urine dip + microscope, CXR, ECG, USS

Question 9

Urine findings with AKI

Answer 9

Haematuria, Casts

Question 10

Management of AKI

Answer 10

Treat the cause
Conservative: Meds review, IV fluids, Catheterisation
Medical: Furosemide, Haemodialysis

Question 11

Indications for dialysis in AKI

Answer 11

Pulomary oedema, Unresponsive hyperkalaemia, Acidosis, Encephalopathy, Pericarditis