Chronic Inflammation Flashcards
define chronic inflammation
prolonged inflammation with associated repair
delayed onset variable duration variable appearances limits damage initiates repair can cause debilitating repair
how does chronic inflammation arise
1) takes over from acute
2) develops alongside acute
3) arises ‘de novo’
why are marcophages in the lung sometimes black
they phagocytose carbon
what causes the abundant foamy cytoplasm in macrophge
phagolysosomes
macrophage function
phagocytosis
inflammatory mediators
- synthesis and release of many mediators
- controls and regulates inflammatory response
plasma cell appearance
eccentric nucleus
clock face chromatin
peri nuclear clearing - golgi
plasma cell function
fully differentiated B lymphocyte
produces antibodies
eosinophil function
release a variety of mediators
hypersentitivity reactions
parasitic infections
giant cells
multinucleate cells
fusion of multiple macrophages
‘frustrated phagocytosis’
foreign body giant cell
random scattering of nuclei
langerhans giant cell
arranged around the outside of the cell- Horseshoe shape
seen in tuberculosis
touton giant cell
nuclei lined up in the middle
remaining cytoplasm of giant cell is pale and foamy
seen in fat necrosis
what do proportions of cell types indicate
rheumatoid arthiritis - mainly plasma cells
chronic gastritis- mainly lymphocytes
leishmaniasis- mainly macrophages
effects of chronic inflammation
fibrosis
- repair process
- deposition of collagen
impaired function
-rarely =increased function
atrophy
stimulation of immune response
-antigen presentation
Crohn’s disease
can affect all of GI tract
(mouth to anus)
discontinuous patches of inflammation
‘skip lesions’
inflammation affects full thickness of bowel wall ‘transmural’ strictures/fistulae
can sometimes find granulomata
less likely to have rectal bleeding
ulcerative colitis
affects large bowel only contiuous inflammation inflammation affects superficial bowel only- mucosa and submucosa no granulomata more likely to have rectal bleeding
what is granulomatous inflammation
a specific type of chronic inflammation…
chronic inflammation and granuloma
multiple-granulomata
granulomata
a collection of epitheliod histiocytes
macrophages that look like epithelial cells with surrounding lymphocytes
foreign body granuloma
destruction and removal of foreign material
few lymphocytes
immune mediated granuloma
destruction and removal of pathogens- bacteria and fungi
can undergo central necrosis
can be idiopathic
many lymphocytes
causes of granulomatous inflammation
foreign body reaction
infections
mycobacterium granuloma
epithelioid histocytes
lymphocytes
caseous necrosis
causes of granulomatous inflammation
Crohn’s disease
sarcoidosis- no caseating granulomata in lymph nodes, lungs and skin
when do you see Touton giant cell
xanthoma
fat necrosis
