Chronic inflammation

Question 1

Which 3 cell types participate in tissue repair during chronic inflammation?

Answer 1

1. Fibroblasts
2. Endothelial cells
3. Epithelial cells

Question 2

Which cell type dominates chronic inflammation?

Answer 2

Macrophages

Question 3

Kupffer cells

Answer 3

Macrophages in liver

Question 4

Langerhans cells

Answer 4

Macrophages/dendritic cells in skin

Question 5

Classical pathway of macrophage activation

Answer 5

• Initiated by release of INF-y from TH1 lymphocytes

1) Microbicidal (ROS, NO)
2) Inflammation (IL-1, IL-12, and IL-23)

Question 6

Alternative pathway

Answer 6

• Initiated by IL-4 and IL-13 released b y TH2 lymphocytes
• M2 macrophages perform tissue repair (NOT microbicidal)

1) Tissue repair (TGF-B)
2) Anti-inflammatory (TGF-B and IL-10)

[Minor] Angiogenesis (FGF)

Question 7

Function of epithelioid macrophages

Answer 7

Secretion (NOT phagocytic; have diminished phagocytic activity)

Question 8

Langhans cell types

Answer 8

Multinucleated giant cells in a horseshoe-shape

Question 9

Which two cytokines recruit lymphocytes and from where do they come?

Answer 9

TNF and IL-1
from Macrophages
(Lymphocytes also make TNF)

Question 10

TH1 cells

Answer 10

Produce IFN-y

Classical macrophage activation

Question 11

Th2 cells

Answer 11

Secrete IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 -> recruit/activate eosinophils

Alternative macrophage activation

Question 12

Th17

Answer 12

IL-17 -> neutrophil and monocyte recruitment

Question 13

Perivascular cuffs

Answer 13

Ring of lymphoplasmacytic inflammation around vessel in the brain

Question 14

Which two cytokines are primarily responsible for recruiting eosinophils?

Answer 14

IL-5 and eotaxin

Question 15

Lymphoplasmacytic inflammation occurs in

Answer 15

1) Mucosal regions

2) Brain (perivascular cuffs)

Question 16

Examples of lymphoplasmacytic inflammation

Answer 16

1) Inflammatory bowel disease
2) Granulomatous meningoencephalitis (misnomer)
3) Gingivitis in cats
4) Lentiviral pneumonia in sheep / arthritis in goats
5) Autoimmune-mediated chronic inflammation (i.e. Lupus)

Question 17

Granulomatous inflammation

Answer 17

Shift from neutrophils to macrophages/lymphocytes/multinucleated cells

Question 18

Diffuse (lepromatous) granulomatous inflammation

Answer 18

• (Epithelioid) macrophages w/ few other cells

- i.e. Johnes disease -> epitheliod macrophages replace lamina propria

Question 19

Difference between granulomas and pyogranulomas

Answer 19

Pyogranulomas also contain:

• Neutrophils
• Fibrin
• Plasma proteins

Question 20

Pyogranulomas are found in

Answer 20

• Blastomyces dermatitis

- FIP

Question 21

Describe the gross appearance of pyogranulomas

Answer 21

White nodules

Question 22

Structure of a granuloma

Answer 22

Outer to in:

Lymphocytes
Fibrosis
Lymphocytes/macrophages
Central necrotic debris

Question 23

Nodular (Tuberculoid) Granulomas

Answer 23

Center has giant cells and epitheloid macrophages

Question 24

Diffuse granulomatous

Answer 24

Granulomas in sheets instead of nodules

Question 25

Parasitic granulomas are rich in which cell type?

Answer 25

Eosinophils

Question 26

Describe the histology of an abscess

Answer 26

Like a granuloma only neutrophils will surround the inner necrotic debris

Neutrophils liquify affected tissue using myeloperoxidase

Birds/reptiles lack myeloperoxidase in granulocytes

Question 27

What is a histological feature of chronic inflammation in autoimmune disease (i.e. Lupus)?

Answer 27

Obliteration of border between dermis and epidermis

Question 28

Hardware disease is an example of which type of inflammation?

Answer 28

Chronic fibrosing inflammation