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Principles > Chronic Inflammation > Flashcards

Chronic Inflammation Flashcards

0
Q

What are the factors affecting Resolution in tissues?

A
  1. Amount Cell Death
  2. Regeneration Capacity of the Organ
  3. How quickly the casual agent is removed
  4. How quickly the fluid/Debris is removed
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1
Q

What does Resolution mean?

A

Resolutions means the complete restoration of the tissue to normal after an episode of acute inflammation

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2
Q

What is Suppuration?

A

Suppuration is the formation of Pus

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3
Q

What is pus composed of?

A 
Living Cells,
Dying Cells, 
Neutrophils
Cellular Debris 
Bacteria
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4
Q

What is Organisation of Tissues?

A

This is replacement of tissues by formation of Granulation tissue

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5
Q

What factors favour the Organisation of tissues?

A

Large amounts of Fibrin Formed
Substantial Necrosis
Exudate/Debris cannot be removed

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6
Q

What is granulation Tissue?

A

Granulation tissue is classified by:

Capillaries
Macrophages
Fibroblasts proliferation
Collagen synthesis

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7
Q

What are the cells of chronic Inflammation ?

A

Plasma Cells
Lymphocytes
Macrophages
(Neutrophil polymorphs if it originated from acute inflammation)

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8
Q

How does Acute inflammation become chronic inflammation?

A

When the agent causing acute inflammation is not removed

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9
Q

What favours the change from Acute inflammation to Chronic?

A
  1. Indigestible Substances
  2. Deep seated Suppurative Inflammation
  3. Recurrent episodes of acute inflammation
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10
Q

What are the Macroscopic appearances of Chronic Inflammation?

A 
Chronic Ulcer 
Chronic Abscess Cavity 
Thickening of Fibrous Tissue
Granulomatous Inflammation (Caseous necrosis) 
Fibrosis
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11
Q

How does monocyte becomes a macrophage?

A

Stem cell produces Promoncyte
Promoncyte matures into monocyte
Monocyte stays in the blood
When a monocyte moves into the tissues, it is a macrophage

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12
Q

What are the uses of a Macrophage?

A

Phagocytic Cells
Produce a range of important cytokines
Activated on migration to an area of inflammation

Macrophage activation Faction - recruits
Migration Inhibition Factor - Prevents action.

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13
Q

What is Granuloma?

A

A granuloma is aggregate of epitheliod histiocytes

Formed from Granulomatous Inflammation

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14
Q

What is a Histiocyte?

A

A Histiocyte is a macrophage present in connective tissue. They have little phagocytic activity, but a secretory function.

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15
Q

What feature of the stimuli generally causes granulomatous inflammation?

A

Their indigestibility

16
Q

What histocytic giant cells are there?

A

Langhan’s Giant Cell

Foreign Body Type Giant Cell

17
Q

What causes Granulomatous Disease?

A

Specific Infections - Myobacteria, Shistosomiasis
Foreign Bodies - Endogenous or Exogenous
Specific Chemicals
Drugs

18
Q

What is the reservoir for M. Tuberculosis?

A

Humans

19
Q

How is TB spread?

A

Acquired through Inhalation

20
Q

What is the disease mechanism of TB?

A

Can cause necrosis of organs - caseous

M Bovis TB initially affects the intestinal/tonsillar lesions

21
Q

What do Mycobacteria induce?

A

They induce Granulomatous reactions in tissue

22
Q

How can you test for Mycobacteria?

A

Acid/Alcohol fast at microscopic staining

23
Q

How do Mycobacteria survive?

A

Mycobacteria can survive and replicated within neutrophils and macrophages

24
Q

What is MAF?

A

It is Macrophage Activation Factor

25
Q

What is MIF

A

This is Migration Inhibition Factor - It affects Macrophages

26
Q

What manages the granulation tissue process?

A

Growth Factors - This stimulates cell regeneration by angiogenesis

27
Q

What can Fibrosis lead to?

A

Fibrosis can lead to distortion or stricture formation

28
Q

When does Organisation of Tissue occur?

A

When much of the skin is completely destroyed and underlying tissue is undergoing repair
Damage area is being replaced by vascular granulation

29
Q

What is angiogenesis?

A

Process through which new blood vessel form from pre-existing vessels

30
Q

What is oesteomyelitis?

A

Inflammation of the bone

31
Q

How does Suppurative Inflammation lead to Chronic Inflammation?

A

Drainage delayed/inadequate
Results in thick wall composed of granulation tissue
Rigid walls fail to come together after drainage
Pus within cavity becomes organised
Results in a fibrous scar

32
Q

What causes Granulomatous Inflammation ?

A 
Sarcoidosis
Caseous Necrosis
Crohn's Disease
Mycobacteria
Schistosomiasis 
Foreign Bodes

Principles (8 decks)

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