Chronic Illnesses Flashcards
1
Q
Acute illness
A
Conditions with a sudden, dynamic onset and end in a relatively short time
2
Q
Chronic Ilness
A
Conditions that last a year or more and require ongoing medical attention and or limit ADLs
3
Q
Wellness in Chronic Illness
A
- the wellness approach suggests that every person has an optimal level of functioning to achieve a good and satisfactory existence (well-being).
- greatness factor in establishing wellness is adaptation
4
Q
8 Trajectory phases for chronic illness
A
- preventative phase
- definitive phase
- crisis phase
- acute phase
- a stable phase
- unstable phase
- downward phase
- dying phase
5
Q
Goals of care using the trajectory
A
- To assist the client in overcoming a plateau during a comeback phase by increasing adherence to a regimen
Rationale: that he or she might reach the highest level of functional ability possible within limits of the disability
- To assist a client in making the attitudinal and lifestyle changes needed to promote health and prevent disease
- Downward trajectory: make the adjustments and readjustments in biography and everyday life activities that are necessary to adapt to increasing physical deterioration
- Unstable phase: to gain greater control over symptoms that are interfering with his or her ability to carry out everyday activities
- Maintaining illness: stability by finding a way to blend illness management activities with biographical and everyday life activities
6
Q
Assessment
A
Focus on function and how the chronic illness affects function
7
Q
Caring for the client with a chronic illness or Nursing role
A
- Listen to the story, and come to know the person and what gives him or her meaning in life.
- Provide education about the illness and its management.
- Provide ongoing assessment with a focus on prevention of complications.
- Relieve symptoms that interfere with function and quality of life.
- Teach the skills required for effective self-care.
- Encourage verbalization of feelings.
- Provide support for losses and facilitate the grieving process.
- Assist to die with dignity and comfort
8
Q
Nursing interventions for fatigue
A
- Act during times of peak energy.
- Pace activities by planning for rest and activity, breaking big tasks into smaller, more manageable ones, spreading activities out over the day and week, and resting for short periods before activity.
- Exercise appropriately to increase muscle strength and endurance.
- Consume a healthy, nutritious diet and maintain normal body weight.
9
Q
Interventions for pain
A
- promote comfort and maintain the highest level of functioning and self-care possible. Careful use of pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches helps to achieve both of these goals. A holistic approach is necessary due to the complex and pervasive nature of pain.
- To provide optimal care of the person in pain, attention is given to psychological and social consequences of physical pain.
10
Q
Social Isolation: Nursing Dx and Interventions
A
- Increase the moral autonomy or freedom of choice of the isolate
- Increasing social interaction at a level acceptable to the client
- Using repetitive and recognizable strategies that are validated with client
11
Q
Interventions for body image
A
- Need to acknowledge barriers to communication, feelings about the illness, changes the illness caused and personal biases must be looked at
- Health care professionals must have appropriate amounts of information about the clinical issues
- Must be supportive
12
Q
Iatrogenic complications
A
- Loss of mobility because of insufficient ambulation
- Incontinence because of inattention when needed; sometimes becomes a permanent problem
- Confusion or delirium caused by medications, treatments, anesthesia, and translocation
- Pressure ulcers caused by immobility and reduced sensation
- Dehydration caused by limited access to fluids
- Fluid overload caused by improper use of intravenous fluids
- Nosocomial infections caused by infectious agents in surroundings
- Urinary tract infections caused by catheter usage
- Upper respiratory tract infections caused by immobility and shallow breathing and aspiration of oral secretions
- Fluid and electrolyte imbalances caused by medications and treatments
- Falls because of unfamiliar environment, weakness, and positional instability
- Impaired sleep because of treatments and environment
- Malnutrition caused by anorexia and insufficient assistance in eating
13
Q
Adaptive Challenges of Chronic Illness
A
- Learning
- Managing
- Monitoring
- Maintaining
- Preventing
14
Q
General Pattern of adaptation
A
- Disbelief
- Developing awareness
- Integration
15
Q
Powerlessness Goal and interventions
A
Goail: client will demonstrate decreased sense of hopelessness aeb verbal expressions of optimism
- develop a therapeutic nurse client relationship
- allow expressions of feelings, express empathy
- explore spiritual values
