Chronic illness - day 2

Question 1

Chronic disease

Answer 1

Illness lasting longer than 3 months

Question 2

Comorbidity

Answer 2

Presence of 2 or more chronic conditions or diseases in the same patient

Question 3

What is hypertension (HTN) etiology, risk factors, symptoms, and how is it diagnosed

Answer 3

Etiology: Increase in blood pressure causing excess force against artery walls
Risk factors: FHx of HTN, obesiety, high sodium diet, smoking, ETOH
Symptoms: often asymptomatic
Diagnosed through blood pressure readings

Question 4

What is Diabetes Mellitus etiology, risk factors, symptoms, and how is it diagnosed

Answer 4

Etiology: Inadequacy of insulin in controlling blood glucose levels
Risk factors: FHx of DM, Obesity, high carb diet, lack of exercise
Symptoms: Unusual weight gain or loss, polyurina, polydipsia, blurred vision
It is diagnosed through blood glucose lab or hemoglobin test

Question 5

What is Hyperlipidemia (HLD) etiology, risk factors, symptoms, and how is it diagnosed

Answer 5

Etiology: Elevated lipid levels in blood causing plaque build up
Risk factors: FHx of HLD, Obesity, high lipid diet, ETOH, Physical inactivity
Symptoms: Asymptomatic
It is diagnosed through blood work

Question 6

What is Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) etiology, risk factors, symptoms, and how is it diagnosed

Answer 6

Etiology: Narrowing of coronary arteries limiting blood supply to the heart
Risk factors: HTN, HLD, DM, SMoking, FHx <55 y/o
Symptoms: Chest pain or pressure worse with exertion and improved with rest
It is diagnosed through cardiac catheterizaition

Question 7

What other illnesses can CAD lead to?

Answer 7

Myocardial infarction (MI)

Question 8

What other illnesses can HLD lead to?

Answer 8

Pancreatitis, CVA, Arterial atherosclerosis, CAD/MI

Question 9

What other illnesses can HTN lead to?

Answer 9

Impaired vision, Kidney failure, CVA, CAD/MI, CHF

Question 10

What other illnesses can DM lead to?

Answer 10

Diabetic retinopathy, renal failure, cardiac disease, PVD, neuropathy

Question 11

What are the pharmacological and non-pharmacological options for HTN?

Answer 11

Pharmacological: Ace inhibitors (Lisinopril), Duiretics (HCTZ)
Non-Pharmacological: Low sodium diet, exercise, smoking and ETOH cessation, and BP log at home

Question 12

What are the pharmacological and non-pharmacological options for DM?

Answer 12

Pharmacological: Insulin injections (Humalog, Lantus, sliding scale) or Oral (Metformin, glyburide)
Non-Pharmacological:Low carb diet, exercise, weight loss, and a blood glucose log

Question 13

What are the pharmacological and non-pharmacological options for HLD?

Answer 13

Pharmacological: STATIN medications (atorvastatin, rosuvastatin)
Non-Pharmacological: Low lipid diet, weight loss/exercise, decrease ETOH, close follow up and monitoring

Question 14

What are the pharmacological and non-pharmacological options for CAD?

Answer 14

Pharmacological: Acetysalicylic acid (ASA) - asprin, antiplatelet drug, Mitroglycerin (NGT) Vasodilator, SURGERIES (Cardiac catheterication, angiplasty, coronary stent, CABG
Non-Pharmacological: Managing risk factors, exercise and weight loss, smoking cessation, stress management

Question 15

What is the patient problem list?

Answer 15

A section of the chart to help organize patient history

Question 16

What is included in the patient problem list?

Answer 16

Chronic illnesses, surgeries and procedures, injuries of the patient, any symptom or disease that has affected the patient

Question 17

How is the patient problem list documented

Answer 17

The problems are ranked so active are at the top and resolved at the bottom, if the patient is healthy and has no past medical history they are marked No Known Problem (NKP)