Chronic illness - day 2 Flashcards
Chronic disease
Illness lasting longer than 3 months
Comorbidity
Presence of 2 or more chronic conditions or diseases in the same patient
What is hypertension (HTN) etiology, risk factors, symptoms, and how is it diagnosed
Etiology: Increase in blood pressure causing excess force against artery walls
Risk factors: FHx of HTN, obesiety, high sodium diet, smoking, ETOH
Symptoms: often asymptomatic
Diagnosed through blood pressure readings
What is Diabetes Mellitus etiology, risk factors, symptoms, and how is it diagnosed
Etiology: Inadequacy of insulin in controlling blood glucose levels
Risk factors: FHx of DM, Obesity, high carb diet, lack of exercise
Symptoms: Unusual weight gain or loss, polyurina, polydipsia, blurred vision
It is diagnosed through blood glucose lab or hemoglobin test
What is Hyperlipidemia (HLD) etiology, risk factors, symptoms, and how is it diagnosed
Etiology: Elevated lipid levels in blood causing plaque build up
Risk factors: FHx of HLD, Obesity, high lipid diet, ETOH, Physical inactivity
Symptoms: Asymptomatic
It is diagnosed through blood work
What is Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) etiology, risk factors, symptoms, and how is it diagnosed
Etiology: Narrowing of coronary arteries limiting blood supply to the heart
Risk factors: HTN, HLD, DM, SMoking, FHx <55 y/o
Symptoms: Chest pain or pressure worse with exertion and improved with rest
It is diagnosed through cardiac catheterizaition
What other illnesses can CAD lead to?
Myocardial infarction (MI)
What other illnesses can HLD lead to?
Pancreatitis, CVA, Arterial atherosclerosis, CAD/MI
What other illnesses can HTN lead to?
Impaired vision, Kidney failure, CVA, CAD/MI, CHF
What other illnesses can DM lead to?
Diabetic retinopathy, renal failure, cardiac disease, PVD, neuropathy
What are the pharmacological and non-pharmacological options for HTN?
Pharmacological: Ace inhibitors (Lisinopril), Duiretics (HCTZ)
Non-Pharmacological: Low sodium diet, exercise, smoking and ETOH cessation, and BP log at home
What are the pharmacological and non-pharmacological options for DM?
Pharmacological: Insulin injections (Humalog, Lantus, sliding scale) or Oral (Metformin, glyburide)
Non-Pharmacological:Low carb diet, exercise, weight loss, and a blood glucose log
What are the pharmacological and non-pharmacological options for HLD?
Pharmacological: STATIN medications (atorvastatin, rosuvastatin)
Non-Pharmacological: Low lipid diet, weight loss/exercise, decrease ETOH, close follow up and monitoring
What are the pharmacological and non-pharmacological options for CAD?
Pharmacological: Acetysalicylic acid (ASA) - asprin, antiplatelet drug, Mitroglycerin (NGT) Vasodilator, SURGERIES (Cardiac catheterication, angiplasty, coronary stent, CABG
Non-Pharmacological: Managing risk factors, exercise and weight loss, smoking cessation, stress management
What is the patient problem list?
A section of the chart to help organize patient history