Chronic illness - day 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Chronic disease

A

Illness lasting longer than 3 months

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2
Q

Comorbidity

A

Presence of 2 or more chronic conditions or diseases in the same patient

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3
Q

What is hypertension (HTN) etiology, risk factors, symptoms, and how is it diagnosed

A

Etiology: Increase in blood pressure causing excess force against artery walls
Risk factors: FHx of HTN, obesiety, high sodium diet, smoking, ETOH
Symptoms: often asymptomatic
Diagnosed through blood pressure readings

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4
Q

What is Diabetes Mellitus etiology, risk factors, symptoms, and how is it diagnosed

A

Etiology: Inadequacy of insulin in controlling blood glucose levels
Risk factors: FHx of DM, Obesity, high carb diet, lack of exercise
Symptoms: Unusual weight gain or loss, polyurina, polydipsia, blurred vision
It is diagnosed through blood glucose lab or hemoglobin test

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5
Q

What is Hyperlipidemia (HLD) etiology, risk factors, symptoms, and how is it diagnosed

A

Etiology: Elevated lipid levels in blood causing plaque build up
Risk factors: FHx of HLD, Obesity, high lipid diet, ETOH, Physical inactivity
Symptoms: Asymptomatic
It is diagnosed through blood work

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6
Q

What is Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) etiology, risk factors, symptoms, and how is it diagnosed

A

Etiology: Narrowing of coronary arteries limiting blood supply to the heart
Risk factors: HTN, HLD, DM, SMoking, FHx <55 y/o
Symptoms: Chest pain or pressure worse with exertion and improved with rest
It is diagnosed through cardiac catheterizaition

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7
Q

What other illnesses can CAD lead to?

A

Myocardial infarction (MI)

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8
Q

What other illnesses can HLD lead to?

A

Pancreatitis, CVA, Arterial atherosclerosis, CAD/MI

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9
Q

What other illnesses can HTN lead to?

A

Impaired vision, Kidney failure, CVA, CAD/MI, CHF

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10
Q

What other illnesses can DM lead to?

A

Diabetic retinopathy, renal failure, cardiac disease, PVD, neuropathy

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11
Q

What are the pharmacological and non-pharmacological options for HTN?

A

Pharmacological: Ace inhibitors (Lisinopril), Duiretics (HCTZ)
Non-Pharmacological: Low sodium diet, exercise, smoking and ETOH cessation, and BP log at home

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12
Q

What are the pharmacological and non-pharmacological options for DM?

A

Pharmacological: Insulin injections (Humalog, Lantus, sliding scale) or Oral (Metformin, glyburide)
Non-Pharmacological:Low carb diet, exercise, weight loss, and a blood glucose log

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13
Q

What are the pharmacological and non-pharmacological options for HLD?

A

Pharmacological: STATIN medications (atorvastatin, rosuvastatin)
Non-Pharmacological: Low lipid diet, weight loss/exercise, decrease ETOH, close follow up and monitoring

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14
Q

What are the pharmacological and non-pharmacological options for CAD?

A

Pharmacological: Acetysalicylic acid (ASA) - asprin, antiplatelet drug, Mitroglycerin (NGT) Vasodilator, SURGERIES (Cardiac catheterication, angiplasty, coronary stent, CABG
Non-Pharmacological: Managing risk factors, exercise and weight loss, smoking cessation, stress management

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15
Q

What is the patient problem list?

A

A section of the chart to help organize patient history

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16
Q

What is included in the patient problem list?

A

Chronic illnesses, surgeries and procedures, injuries of the patient, any symptom or disease that has affected the patient

17
Q

How is the patient problem list documented

A

The problems are ranked so active are at the top and resolved at the bottom, if the patient is healthy and has no past medical history they are marked No Known Problem (NKP)