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chronic > chronic exam 1-pain > Flashcards

chronic exam 1-pain Flashcards

1
Q

type A delta fibers

A

carry rapid, sharp, pricking sensation
quick transmission
found in skin, muscles
may be localized

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2
Q

C fibers

A

carry dull, burning, aching sensation
slow transmission
found in muscle, periosteum, viscera (organs)
more continuous and constant pain

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3
Q

pain threshold

A

Amount of a pain stimulus required to perceive as pain

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4
Q

Pain tolerance

A

amount of pain a person is willing to endure

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5
Q

Intractable

A

pain not responsive to conventional treatment

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6
Q

psychogenic

A

Pain for which no pathologic condition can be found

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7
Q

Radiating pain

A

Diffuse pain around the site of origin, not well localized

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8
Q

Localized pain

A

Confined to the site of origin

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9
Q

Projected pain

A

Pain along the specific nerve or nerves

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10
Q

Acute pain

A

Short duration of less than six months
Identifiable onset
Often has useful function
Accompanied by sympathetic responses

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11
Q

Chronic pain

A

Longer duration of more than six months
Persistent, recurrent
No foreseeable end
Observable pain expression often absent

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12
Q

Characteristics of acute pain

A

Physiologic changes in vital signs
Limited lifestyle impact
Treatment usually has high success

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13
Q

Characteristics of chronic pain

A

Low or no physiologic changes
Impacts behavior, cognitive, social roles and lifestyle
Treatment is more difficult

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14
Q

nocioceptive pain

A

Normal processing of stimuli that damages normal tissue or has the potential to do so

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15
Q

Neuropathic pain

A

Abnormal processing of sensory input by peripheral or central nervous system

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16
Q

nocioceptive pain arises from three major types of structures

A

Cutaneous (somatic)
Deep somatic (bones, muscles, skin joints, connective tissue)
Visceral (organs)

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17
Q

cutaneous pain

A

Superficial structures of skin and subcutaneous tissue

Well defined, localized

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18
Q

Deep somatic pain

A

Originates in bone, blood vessels, nerves, muscles, and other tissues
Dull, poorly localized

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19
Q

Visceral pain

A

Arises from body organs

Known for referred pain

20
Q

Referred pain

A

Felt in an area distant from the site of origin

21
Q

Centrally generated pain

A

Injury to either peripheral or central nervous system or dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system

22
Q

Peripherally generated pain

A

Pain along one or more peripheral nerves

23
Q

Nonmalignant chronic pain

A

Rheumatoid arthritis rightists (non-cancerous)

24
Q

Intermittent chronic pain

A

Occurs at specific intervals (migraines)

25
Q

Malignant chronic pain

A

May have elements of both acute and chronic (tumor)

26
Q

Pain behaviors as assessment tool

A 
Facial expression
 Vocal behavior
 Aggressive behavior
 Increase in body movements
 Changes in ADLs
 Irritability, confusion, withdrawn, agitated
27
Q

Clinical signs of pain

A 
Increased pulse, blood pressure, respiratory rate-often not present with chronic pain
 Dilated pupils
 Increased perspiration
 Guarding
 Muscle rigidity
28
Q

Assessment of factors which influence the pain experience

A 
Situation
 Race culture ethnicity
 Age
 Gender
 Anxiety
 Past experiences with pain
29
Q

Nonnarcotic analgesics

A 
Aspirin (ASA)
 Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
 Cox two inhibitors (Celebrex, Bextra)
 NSAIDs  (Ibuprofen, Indocin)  nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
 Utram
30
Q

Narcotic analgesics

A 
Opioid agonists (morphine sulfate, Dilaudid, codeine, oxycodone, hydrocodone)
 Methadone
 Propoxyphene 
Fentanyl
Meperidine
31
Q

Action of opioid analgesics

A

Bind with opiate receptors in the CNS to alter the perception of pain

32
Q

Adverse affects of opioid analgesics

A

Constipation, nausea and vomiting, respiratory depression, urinary retention

33
Q

Opioid antagonist

A

Blocks opiate receptors, used to treat overdoses

Narcan (naloxone)

34
Q

Action of non-opioid analgesics

A

Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis

35
Q

Adverse affects of non-opioid analgesics

A

G.I. upset
G.I. bleeding
Tinnitus-tingling in ears
Liver or kidney toxicity

36
Q

Routes of administration for opioid analgesics

A 
Oral/rectal
 IM and subQ
 IV
 Transdermal and transmucosal
 Intraspinal
 Nerve blocks
 Epidural
37
Q

Patient controlled analgesia

A

Patient controls frequency of pain medication

Dr. order includes: drug, amount, block out time interval and route is IV

38
Q

Capnography monitoring

A

To monitor CO2 levels which will rise with hypoventilation

Use Narcan to treat respiratory depression

39
Q

Epidural catheters

A

Local anesthetic or narcotic medication into the epidural space
Medication is Duramorph
Often used in labor and delivery, also orthopedics
Side effects similar to morphine sulfate
Complication of possible infection

40
Q

Tens unit

A

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

It’s electric current to skin and tissue, adjustable voltage; portable

41
Q

Guided imagery

A

Envision something pleasant; can include music and aromatherapy

42
Q

Oral morphine

A

Three times the IV dose

43
Q

Antidepressants

A

Alter serotonin levels and block receptors and spinalthalamic tract that transmit pain parentheses neuropathic pain

44
Q

Anticonvulsants

A

Use for neuropathic pain

45
Q

Anxiolytics

A

Xanax Valium thorazine Ativan

chronic (17 decks)

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