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Chronic Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are Chronic Diseases?

A

Diseases that persist for a long period or recur throughout life

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2
Q

What are chronic diseases caused by?

A

Risk factors that are behavioral, environmental, or hereditary

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3
Q

What are Cardiovascular Diseases?

A

Diseases of the heart (cardio) and blood vessels (vascular)

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4
Q

Cardiovascular Diseases include:

A 
Hypertension 
Atherosclerosis 
Heart attack
Arrhythmia 
Congestive heart failure 
Stroke
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5
Q

What is Hypertension?

A

Occurs when a person has a blood pressure consistently measuring 140/90 or higher
Hypertension leads to heart disease because of the increased blood pressure on the heart and vessels

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6
Q

Hypertension is known as the

A

Silent killer

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7
Q

How to reduce risk of developing Hypertension

A

Exercise Regularly
Maintain a healthy weight
Reduce stress
Eat foods low in sodium

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8
Q

What is Atherosclerosis?

A

A disease in which fatty substance (including cholesterol) build up inside artery walls. These deposits called plaque cause the artery walls to thicken and narrow=blood flow slows= blood pressure rises.

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9
Q

Atherosclerosis increases your risk of developing

A
  1. Arteriosclerosis – hardening of the arteries = lose elasticity and become stif
  2. Coronary heart disease – coronary arteries narrow = decrease blood flow to
    heart
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10
Q

What is a Heart Attack?

A

occurs when some of the tissue in the heart doesn’t receive its normal blood supply and dies

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11
Q

What is the cause of a heart attack?

A

usually a blood clot that forms in a coronary artery that has been narrowed by Atherosclerosis

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12
Q

How many people suffer from heart attacks each year.

A

Each year over a million people in the US suffer a heart attack (500,000 die)

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13
Q

4 Major Risk Factors for heart attacks:

A
  1. High blood pressure
  2. High levels of cholesterol
  3. Physical Inactivity
  4. Smoking
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14
Q

What is Arrhythmia?

A

aka “irregular heart beats” – another form of heart disease

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15
Q

How may you possibly develop (Arrhythmia)?

A

*May develop from damage to heart caused by heart attack

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16
Q

What is Fibrillation?

A

a life threatening arrhythmia in which the heart twitches
rapidly in an uncoordinated fashion

17
Q

How can some abnormal heart beats be controlled?

A

*Some abnormal heartbeats can be controlled by medication, others require surgery to implant a pacemaker.

18
Q

What is Congestive Heart Failure?

A

when the heart slowly weakens over time. As the heart weakens it is unable to pump as much blood as it once did.

19
Q

What is a stroke?

A

occurs when there is a sudden disruption of blood flow to part of the brain or when a weakened artery in the brain bursts flooding the area with blood

20
Q

What is a Cerebral hemorrhage?

A

If the burst is in the cerebrum (main portion) is it called a cerebral hemorrhage

21
Q

Cerebral Hemorrhages can be caused by head injuries or by an

A

aneurysm – a blood filled weak spot that balloons out from the artery wall

22
Q

3 Efects of Stroke (difer depending on location and severity)

A
  1. Brain damage (senses, speech, comprehension, behavior, thought patterns, and
    memory.
  2. Paralysis on one side of the body or severely disabled.
  3. Death (1/3 of strokes
23
Q

Risks you cannot control:

A
  1. Heredity
  2. Ethnicity
  3. Gender
  4. Age
    * If you have any of these risk factors it is even more important that you practice healthy behaviors to combat cardiovascular disease
24
Q

Risks you can control:

A
  1. Maintain a Healthy weight
  2. Eat a healthy diet
  3. Be physically active
  4. Manage stress
  5. Monitor your blood pressure
  6. Avoid smoking and drinking
25
Q

What is Cancer?

A

a group of diseases that involves the rapid, uncontrolled
growth and spread of abnormal cells. It harms the body by destroying healthy body tissues

26
Q

Cancer is the 1st or 2nd leading cause of death in adults in the US?

A

2nd

27
Q

Cancer cells typically form a mass tissue called a tumor two types of cancers they find they are either:

A

malignant = cancerous; benign = not cancerous)

28
Q

What is Metastasis?

A

spread of cancer from where it first develops to other parts of the body

29
Q

Heredity

A

human genes control cell reproduction. Some people inherit
genes that have a tendency to change into forms that allow cells to reproduce too rapidly.

30
Q

What is an Oncogene?

A

A gene that has changed into a cancer-causing gene.

People whose cells contain oncogenes may develop certain types of cancers.

31
Q

What is does the Environment contain?

A

contains cancer-causing agents called Carcinogens

32
Q

What are carcinogens?

A

Cancer causing agents. Carcinogens can cause changes in genes that control cell reproduction.

33
Q

How many adults have hypertension?

A

1/3

34
Q

What do saturated fats do?

A

Look out for saturated fats. These increase levels of cholesterol in the blood.

Health (6 decks)

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