Chronic Diseases Flashcards
What are the top 10 causes of death
1.kidney diseases
2. Stroke
3. Pneumonia/ influenza
4. Diabetes
5. COPD
6. Suicide
7. Cancer
8. Alzheimer’s
9. Accidents / trauma
10. Heart disease
What are the 7 most common chronic disease?
- Diabetes
- Mood disorders
- COPD
- Hypertension
- Heart disease
- Cancer
- Arthritis
How does the geriatric body differ from mine in regards to pharmacokinetics in 3 ways ?
- Decreased body water leads to high concentration of water soluble drugs
- Decreased liver and kidney function leads to less clearance of the drug
- More body fat means less drug available to be used
Rising blood sugar levels trigger what hormone?
Beta insulin
Dropping blood sugars trigger what hormone?
Alpha glucagon
What is a type 1 diabetic?
When the pancreatic beta cells do not produce enough Insulin, often developed during childhood
Patients get daily injections of insulin
What is a type 2 diabetic?
Non-insulin dependant
Effective treatment can be diet and exercise
Insulin resistant
What is diabetic retinopathy?
Partial or complete blindness from proliferation of capillaries and hemorrhaging at retina
What a diabetic nephropathy?
Degenerative changes in kidneys can lead to kidney failure
What is diabetic neuropathy?
Damage to nerves from abnormal blood from to neural tissue
What is DKA?
Dka is when the acidity increases as the body switches to burning ketones
What is HHNKS’s
Blood glucose gets extremely high → body becomes severely dehydrated → blood becomes hyperosmolar and thick
What is COPD?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
What 3 diseases progressively lead to COPD?
- Bronchitis
- Emphysema
- Asthma
Bronchitis 6 key findings? Blue boaters
- Edema
- Low spo2- causing cyanosis
- Mucous
- Can be caused by smoking or environmental irritants
- Inflammation and selling of bronchial lining
- Swelling and bluish skin
What is emphysema? Pink puffers
Chronic progressive condition where alveoli gradually expand
Loss of respiratory surface area causing SOB
Heavy breathing and pink tint to the skin
What is essential hypertension?
Also known as primary hypertension
Persistently high BP no caused anther medical Condition
Usually due to genetics and diet
What is secondary hypertension?
When a patient has persistently high blood pressure due to a medical condition such as arteriosclerosis, kidney disease or hyperthyroidism
What is the most common abuse of secondary hypertension?
Renal disease
What is a hypertensive crisis?
When blood pressure reaches a point where its causing damage to organs
Usually occurs at BP levels exceeding 180 systolic or 120 systolic
What is carcinoma?
Most common form of cancer
Epithelial cells such as the skin and lining of internal organs/glands
What is sarcoma?
Cancer of supporting bones, structures, muscles and blood vessels
What is leukaemia?
Cancer in the blood forming tissues
What is lymphoma?
Cancer in the cells of the lymphatic system
7 warning signs of cancer?
- Change in bowel and bladder habits
- Sores that don’t heal
- Unusual lump in breast or testes
- indigestion or trouble swallowing
- Obvious change in a wart or mole
6.nagging cough or hoarseness - Unusual bleeding or discharge
What are the ABCD of skin cancer?
A- Asymmetry
B- border irregularity
C- colour
D- diameter
