Chronic conditions and screening Flashcards
What is a chronic condition?
= refers to a condition that interferes with daily functioning for more than 3 months in a year, causes hospitalisation of more than 1 month in the year and or is likely to do either of these
What are common chronic conditions in childhood?
- Asthma (most common)
- Type 1 diabetes (IDDM)
- maintenance of glycemic control is crucial in reducing long term complications
- childhood cancers
- Type 1 diabetes (IDDM)
What are three conditions at birth?
- Congenital birth defects
- Chromosomal birth defects
- Genetic defects
What is congenital birth defects
= health problem or physical abnormalities that are present at birth and may result in long-term disability, morbidity or death
- e.g. Hypospadias, neural tube defects, cleft lip and palate, cardiovascular defects, intestinal tract defects - Midline defect —> defects originating either in the midline or in bilateral and symmetric structures e.g. heart & facial
What are chromosomal birth defects?
= birth defect caused by an alteration in number or structure of chromosomes
- Trisomy 21 (down’s syndrome) - Trisomy 13 (pat syndrome) - Trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome)
What are genetic birth defects?
= mutations or alterations to chromosomes caused by abnormal genome
- common single gene defects in children include e. g, cystic fibrosis, PKU, sickle-cell anaemia, Thalassaemia
What are three types of childhood disability?
- Complex motor disability = child whose primary problem is significant disorder of movement, which is often complicated by
other associated impairments such as defects - Cerebral palsy
= umbrella term of non-progressive but often changing motor impairment syndromes - Muscular dystrophy
= MD broad term that describes genetic (inherited) disorder of the muscles, causing the muscles to become very weak
Impact of chronic illness/ disability on family
- uncertainty of future, emotional grieving
- social isolation
- missed days from work
- financial losses
- physical and emotional challenges
- more likely to suffer from depression
- higher rates of divorce
Impact of chronic illness on adolescent development
Physical • Short stature and delayed puberty
• Weight management
• Visible signs of illness and treatment
Cognitive • Illness or disability itself may affect cognition
• Learning difficulties due to school absenteeism
Psychosocial • Increased physical and emotional dependence on family/carer
• Stigma and exclusion
• Social isolation
• Poorer emotional wellbeing
• Lack of social, educational, and vocational opportunities
• Increase in risk taking behaviour
• Higher rates of D and A and sexual activity
Family • Time, financial and physical burden on family/carers
• Parental frustration, anxiety, anger and depression, sibling issues
What is transition to adult health care?
= the purposeful, planned movement of adolescents and young adults with chronic physical and medical conditions from child-centred to adult orientated health are system
What are the challenges for adolescents and parents during transition to adult health care?
Parents
- - abandonment, feel of being perceived as difficult, anxiety and stress, fears of falling through the cracks
Adolescents
- different models of care and culture, late in commencing prep for transition , interoperation of transition as rejection
What are the principles of care in transition?
- A systematic and formal transition process
- Early preparation
- Identification of a transition coordinator
- Good communication
- Individual transition plan
- Empower, engage and enable youth to self manage
- Follow up and evaluate
Why is screening important in babies?
- New born screening - early signs of number of treatable congenital metabolic disorders within 72 hours of birth
- e.g. Phenylketonuria (PKU), congenital hypothyroidism, cystic fibrosis, rare disorder
What are the three levels of prevention?
- Primary prevention
- Secondary Prevention
- Tertiary prevention
What are the principles of health promotion
ottawa charter
- Building public policies that support health
- create supportive environments
- Strengthen community action
- develop personal skills
- reorienting health services
