Child health and development Flashcards
What are the Three core concepts in early development?
- Experiences build brain architecture
- Serve and return interaction shapes brain circuitry
- Toxic stress derails healthy development
- Constant stimulation of stress response can inhibit child’s development and mean the child is always in toxic stress
What is EDI - Equity from the start ?
= childs ability to meet a few standards during school to track their development
- EDI tools play a fundamental role in building emerging global consensus that early development is a social determinant of health
Core development 6-8 weeks
- Begins to smile at people
- Turns head towards sounds
- Can hold head up
- Begins to follow things with eyes
Core development 6 months
- Copies sounds
- Begins to sit without support
- Likes to play with others, especially parents
- Responds to own name
- Strings vowels when babbling
Core development 12 months
- Uses simple gestures such as shaking head for ‘no’ or waving
- Copies gestures
- Responds to simple spoken requests
- Says mama and dada
- Pulls to stand
Core development 18 months
- Says several single words
- Walks alone
- Knows what ordinary things example are, spoon
- Plays simple pretend e.g., feeding a doll
- Points to show something interesting
Core development 2 years
- Says sentences with 2-4 words
- Gets excited with other children
- Follows simple instructions
- Kicks a ball
Core development 3 years
- Copies adults and friends
- Carries on a conversation 2-3 sentences
- Plays make believe with dolls etc
- Shows affection
- Climbs well
Core development 4 years
- Tells stories
- Hops and stands on one food
- Would rather play with other children alone
- Plays cooperatively
- Draws a person with 2-4 body parts
Child Development assessment ( 3 aspects)
Risk and protective factors of:
- Biological
- premature and serious illness
- temperament - Parenting:
- infant-caregiver attachment (key factor in brain development)
- inconsistent parenting
- harsh discipline
- parental psychopathology
- maternal depression
- maternal substance abuse - Family and social factors
- family violence
- quality of parental relationship
- poverty and social class
- social isolation
- adolescent parenting (risk of child in poverty, adolescent mothers still need their development)
Physical growth and development assessment
Assessed in terms of:
- physical growth: increase in size
- development: growth in function and capability
- Both processes highly depend on genetic, nutritional and environment factors
What are the two frameworks of development
- Brofenbrenners ecological framework of development
- Biopsychosocial development
Concepts overlap
Q: Give examples of genetic, nutritional and environmental factors that affect growth?
- Low birth weight
- premature
- malnutrition
- birth defects
- alcohol exposure in eutro
- mother smoking while pregnant
What are some different assessment tools for growth and development?
Physical growth Puberty Motor development Language development Cognitive development Emotional and behavioral development
Physical growth assessment
- full height and weight, increase in organ size
- 2 phases of growth: birth to 1-2 and 2-onset of puberty
Puberty assessment
- is the process of physical maturation from child to adult.
- Adolescence defines an age group, puberty occurs during adolescence
- at puberty a 2nd growth spurt occurs
Motor development
- find motor (picking up small objects, drawing) and gross motor (walking, climbing stairs) skills
Language development
- the ability to understand language precedes the ability to speak; children with few words can usually understand alto
- although delays in expressive speech are typically not accompanied by other developmental delays, all children with excessive language delays should be evaluated for presence of other delays
Cognitive development
- refers to the intellectual maturation of children
- reading to children from a young age provides intellectual stimulation
Emotional and behavioral development
- emotion and behaviour are based on the child’s developmental stage and temperament
- emotional growth and the acquisition of social skills are assessed by watching children interact with others in everyday situations
Discuss the rational for the different temperature taking routes in children?
Axillary: recommended for routine clinical use but be aware that axillary temps are up to 1 degree lower than rectal
Rectal: gold standard for measuring central body temp but not always appropriate or necessary
Tympanic: not recommended as unreliable
