Adolescent health and development & HEADSS Flashcards
What is adolescence?
- biological onset marked by puberty
- encompasses neurobiological changes and cognitive development
- accepted as a social construct
What are some tasks of adolescence?
- achieving independence
- development of a realistic and stable self identity
- consolidating sexual identity
- negotiating relationships
- acquiring skills to enable economic independence
- formation of moral and value system, independent of parent’s or carers
Risk taking in adolescence?
- taking a risk is developmentally normal
- adolescent brain switches between emotional
(limbic) and cognitive (pre frontal) motivation
for decisions
- adolescent brain switches between emotional
What are common adolescence health issues?
- Accident and injury
- nutrition and weight
- mental health and wellbeing
- drugs and alcohol
- tabacco and e cigarette
Brief interventions and role of the nurse with adolescence?
- Brief interventions in the ED may reduce D&A related injuries and high risk behaviours, however effects are limited and further research is required
- Brief interventions provides opportunity to discuss, provide education, reduce harm
Impact of chronic illness?
- Individual —> period of uncertainty, emotional impact, self identity
- Family Unit —> Period of ‘normalisation’ is challenging
- Independence —> overprotective parents, need treatment support
- friendships and relationships —> social isolation, stigma, bullying
What is included in the autonomic nervous system?
- Parasympathetic nervous system - basic needs
- HomeostasisLow HR, normal BP, body fluids in balance
- Sympathetic nervous system
- Fight/flight/freeze
- increase HR, BP, feel like pee to overload excess fluid
Engaging and supporting young people in hospital settings
what are factors influencing non-adherence in adolescence?
- Emotional functioning – depression, self esteem
- Health beliefs – perceived illness severity and vulnerability
- Family environment – parental support, child-parent concordance
- Socio-economic status
- Physician/AYA communication
Engaging and supporting young people in hospital settings
What are the Opportunities in adolescence?
- Communication
- Identify risks
- Social support
- Addressing Questions and exploring treatment options
- Open-mindedness
Engaging and supporting young people in hospital settings
What are some responses to adolescent adherence issues?
- Address concerns openly
- Non-confrontational approach
- Utilise specialist staff
- Reassure
- support independence and individualisation of regime
- Utilise “adherence hooks” and technology
What are triggers for an activated adolescence?
Triggers: unpredictable events, loss of control, D & A withdrawal, pain, environment
What are ways to respond to the activated adolescent?
- De-escalation techniques —>recognise signs of buildup (worried, unsettled)
- time escalated the risk of loss of control
- KNOW THE PATIENT AND THEIR STORY
- Redirection and distraction dependent of level of activation
- do something together: drawing
- self soothing tools
- relaxation activities
- self talk
What is HEADSS assessment?
Psychosocial assessment –>
= framework for assessment of risk and protective factors in key areas of the young persons life
= a method for assessing youth that
- aims to complement physical assessment - identify and highlight areas of concern and risk taking - aims to anticipate future outcomes and assist youth to navigate - utilises strengthen based approach for engagement and motivation - used as a screening tool to initiate referrals
What does HEADSS stand for?
H Home E Education and employment E Eating and exercise A Activities, hobbies, and peer relationships D Drug use, cigarettes, and alcohol S Sexual activity and sexuality S Suicide, depression, and self-harm S Safety, spirituality, social media
When do risk factors require intervention?
- interferes with normal adolescent development
- poses serious risk to health and safety
- established part of the young persons lifestyle
- disconnection from family, school and relationships
- risk factors outweigh protective factors
