Chronic Complications of DM Flashcards
What are TWO (2) categories of BLOOD VESSEL DYSFUNCTION?
- Macrovascular
2. Microvascular
MACROVASCULAR complications include what THREE (3) HEALTH ISSUES?
- Coronary HD
- Peripheral Vascular Disease
- Cererbro-vascular Disease
MICROVASCULAR complications include what HEALTH ISSUES?
- Nephropathy
- Neuropathy
- Retinopathy
CARDIOVASCULAR AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY causes what THREE (3) HEALTH PROBLEMS?
- Left Ventricular Dysfunction
- Painless MI
- Exercise Intolerance
What is the EARLIEST MANIFESTATION of NEPHROPATHY?
Microalbuminuria
What TWO (2) MEDICATIONS can be taken to PROTECT the KIDNEYS from NEPHROPATHY in patients with DM?
- ACE Inhibitors
2. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
True or False: retinopathy can be detected early with regular eye exams.
FALSE, retinopathy has few signs until vision loss occurs
When should patients with TYPE 2 DM get a DILATED EYE EXAM?
At the time of diagnosis, then annually
When should patients with TYPE 1 DM get a DILATED ETE EXAM?
5 years after diagnosis, then anually
What are TWO (2) types of RETINOPATHY?
- Nonproliferative
2. Proliferative
What is the DIFFERENCE between NONPROLIFERATIVE and PROLIFERATIVE retinopathy?
- Nonproliferative:
- spacial occlusions
- microanurysms
- retinal edema
- hard excudates
- Proliferative:
- most severe
- hemorrhaging
- black/red spots
How can VISION LOSS be REDUCED in patients with DM?
Laser Photo Coagulation Therapy
HYPERGLYCEMIA may cause what PROBLEM with VISION?
Blurred Vision
HYPOGLYCEMIA may cause what PROBLEM with VISION?
Double Vision
Most patients with DM DIE as a RESULT of what COMPLICATION?
Thrombotic event
usually MI
