Chronic And Infectious Neurological Emergencies

Question 1

Neoplasm

Answer 1

Refers to the growth of a new tumour (CNS neoplasms have a high mortality)

Question 2

Benign Neoplasm

Answer 2

Abnormal growth, remains in place. Pressure in confined places (ex cranial vault)

Question 3

Malignant Neoplasm

Answer 3

Infiltrates already healthy tissue. Likely to metastasize

Question 4

Brain Abscess

Answer 4

Collection of pus

Question 5

Muscular Dystrophy

Answer 5

A group of muscle diseases that weaken the musculoskeletal system and hamper locomotion

Question 6

Parkinson’s Disease

Answer 6

Symptoms are related to a decreasing production of dopamine in the brain. Symptoms: tremor, rigidity, slow movement

Question 7

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Answer 7

Inflammatory disease which insulating covers (myelin sheath) of nerve cells in brain and spinal cord are damaged

Question 8

ALS (also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease and Charcot disease)

Answer 8

Specific disorder that involved the death of neurons. Specifically neurons that control VOLUNTARY muscles

Question 9

Spine bifida

Answer 9

One or more fetal vertebra fail to close. Portion of spin left un proteceted

Question 10

5 Neuromuscular Diseases

Answer 10

1. Muscular Dystrophy 2. Parkinson’s Disease 3. Multiple Sclerosis 4. ALS 5. Spine bifida

Question 11

Muscular Dystrophy Symptoms

Answer 11

Muscular wasting, poor balance, ptosis, atrophy, scoliosis, can’t walk, many falls

Question 12

Two kinds of MS

Answer 12

Relapsing forms (isolated attacks) , Progressive forms (builds up over time)

Question 13

Bells Palsy

Answer 13

One sided facial paralysis (stroke like appearance), resolves USALLY within 2 weeks. Unknown cause….

Question 14

Guillain Barre

Answer 14

Progressive weakness that begins in the feet/legs and ascends up the body to the trunk and arms.

Question 15

Myasthenia Gravis

Answer 15

Weakness and fatigability (seen in eyes usually). Improves with rest. Weakness starts at head and moves down body and worsens with activity. CAN lead to respiratory weakness/collapse

Question 16

Meningitis

Answer 16

Viral and Bacterial. Viral more common. Seen in late summer early fall. Most commonly effects children and adults under 30

Question 17

Meningitis Symptoms

Answer 17

Fever chills, altered LOC, nausea vomiting, photophobia, severe head ache, STIFF NECK

Question 18

Delirium

Answer 18

Acute, often reversible confusion

Question 19

Dementia

Answer 19

Typically slow onset of chronic state confusion, cognitive impairment that leads to psychosocial impairments (memory lapse)

Question 20

Alzheimer’s Disease

Answer 20

Physically changes the organic brain matter which LEADS to dementia. Alzheimer’s ——>Dementia

Question 21

Kyphosis vs Lordosis vs Scoliosis

Answer 21

Kyphosis: hump back Soliosis: spine curves at different degrees in an S shape Lordosis: hump in lumbar spine

Question 22

Decorticate vs decerbrate

Answer 22

Decorticate: Arms bent towards center of body curled wrists Decerbrate: Arms tense parallel to body flexed wrists curled fingers

Question 23

Trismus

Answer 23

Difficulty opening mouth

Question 24

Atrophy

Answer 24

Body part wasting away or shrinking

Question 25

Comorbidity

Answer 25

Previous existing medical condition

Question 26

Ptosis

Answer 26

Upper eyelid droops

Question 27

Dystonia

Answer 27

Involuntary Muscle Contractions

Question 28

Nuchal Rigidity

Answer 28

Neck stiffness and pain moving turning or flexing neck

Question 29

Autoimmune

Answer 29

Body attacking itself