Chromosomes, Genes And DNA

Question 1

Chromosome

Answer 1

Are long strands of genetic information located in the nuclei of cells

Question 2

Human characteristics and chromosomes

Answer 2

In all living things, characteristics are passed on the chromosomes that offspring inherit from their parents
All human characteristic therefore have something to do with chromosomes

Question 3

Cell division

Answer 3

When chromosomes replicate

They are most visible during cell division

Question 4

Homologous series

Answer 4

Matching chromosome pairs. One of each pair is from your mother and the other from your father

Question 5

Chromosomes in cells

Answer 5

Most human body cells contain 46 chromosomes (26 pairs of homologous chromosomes)

Question 6

Genes(units)

Answer 6

Genes are the units of heritance

Question 7

Chromosomes and genes

Answer 7

Chromosomes and their genes are made of a molecule called DNA.
Each chromosome is a very long molecule of tightly coiled DNA

Question 8

DNA

Answer 8

DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid

DNA molecules carry the code that controls what cells are made of and what they do

Question 9

DNA molecule structure

Answer 9

Double helix

Question 10

DNA structure

Answer 10

It is composed of 2 backbones made of sugar(deoxyribose) and phosphates that spiral each other. The 2 back bones are held together by the base pairs

Question 11

The base pairing rule

Answer 11

“A” always pairs with “T”

“C always pairs with “G”

Question 12

Name of base pairs

Answer 12

> adenine
guanine
cytosine
thymine

Question 13

Genetic code

Answer 13

There are million of base pairs in each DNA molecule and in the order of the bases form the genetic code

Question 14

Protein

Answer 14

Made of long chains of amino acids

There are 20 different types of Amino acids which make up proteins

Question 15

Proteins and the body

Answer 15

Proteins control every process in the body (enzymes) give colour to hair, eyes and skin and also form structures like tendons and muscle and hair

Question 16

Genetic code

Answer 16

The code uses groups of three bases to code for a single amino acid- known as triplets

Question 17

When did Ervin Chargaff discover his discovery?

Answer 17

1950

Question 18

What method did Erwin Chargaff use?

Answer 18

Chromatography

Question 19

Erwin Chargaff

Answer 19

He determined that the amount of A=T and and the amount of G=C (base painting rule)

Question 20

When did Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin discover their discovery?

Answer 20

1952

Question 21

What technique did Wilkins and Franklin use?

Answer 21

X-ray crystallography

Question 22

What did Wilkins and Franklin discover?

Answer 22

Worked out the DNA was a double helix shape

Question 23

When did james Watson and Francis Crick discover their discovery?

Answer 23

1953

Question 24

What did Watson and Crick discover?

Answer 24

How all parts of the molecule were held together

Question 25

How did Watson and Crick discover their discovery?

Answer 25

Using model making
The sugar, phosphates and bases were cut out of sheet metal and clamped together with retort stands, boss head and clamps