Chromosomes and Mitosis Flashcards
What do chromosomes contain?
Genetic information (DNA)
What are chromosomes and where can they be found?
Chromosomes are called up lengths of DNA molecules, and they can be found in the nucleus of a cell.
What do chromosomes carry?
Genes.
What do genes control
The development of different characteristics.
How many copies of each chromosome do body cells have?
- One from its mother, and one from its father.
How many chromosomes do humans have?
46, arranged in 23 pairs.
The stage of the cell cycle when a cell divides is called what?
Mitosis
What do multicellular organisms use mitosis for?
To grow or replace cells that have been damaged.
What does the end of the cell cycle result in?
2 new cells identical to the original cell, with the same number of chromesomes.
What are the 2 main stages of the cell cycle?
Growth and DNA replication, and mitosis.
In a cell that is not dividing, how is the DNA layered out?
It’s spread out in long strings
Before a cell divides, what does it have to do?
It has to grow and increase the amount of subcellular structures, such as mitochondria and ribosomes. Then it duplicates its DNA so there is one copy for each cell
Once the cell is ready for mitosis, what stages does it go through?
First, the chromosomes line up at the centre of the cell, and cell fibres pull them apart. The arm of each chromosome goes to opposite ends of the cell.
Then, membranes form around each of the sets of chromosomes. These become the nuclei of the 2 new cells.
Lastly, the cytoplasm and cell membrane divide.
What do you call the 2 cells produced by mitosis?
Daughter cells.
Describe how stem cells could be used to treat disorders.
They could be grown into a particular type of cell, which then can be used to replace faulty cells
Explain why embryonic stem cells have the potential to treat more disorders than adult stem cells.
Embryonic stem cells have the potential to develop into any kind of cell, but adult stem cells can only develop into certain types of cell.
Where are adult stem cells found in the body?
Bone marrow
