Chromosome Errors (Variants) Flashcards

1
Q

What to we call the failure of chromosomal separation?

A

Non-disjunction

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2
Q

How many daughter gametes will have an abnormality if non-disjunction occurs in Anaphase 1?

A

All four daughter gametes (two with trisomy, two monosomy)

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3
Q

How many daughter gametes will have an abnormality if non-disjunction occurs in Anaphase 2?

A

Two of the four daughter gametes (one trisomy, one monosomy)

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4
Q

What causes chromosome errors?

A

An abnormality in chromosome amount or DNA sequences during crossing-over

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5
Q

What is the difference between structural errors and point mutations?

A

Structural errors - impact whole gene sequences

Point mutations - impact one or two nitrogenous bases

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6
Q

How many types of structural errors are there?

A
  1. Deletion - a segment is deleted
  2. Duplication - a segment is duplicated
  3. Inversion - a segment is flipped
  4. Translocation - segment is put on the wrong chromosome
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7
Q

How many types of point mutations are there?

A
  1. Base pair substitution - a base pair is copied wrong
  2. Insertion - a new base is added
  3. Deletion - a pre-existing base is removed
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8
Q

Can we diagnose non-disjunction in the womb?

A

Yes

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9
Q

How many ways can we diagnose non-disjunction prenatally?

A
  1. Chorionic Villus Sampling
  2. Amniocentesis
  3. Multiple Marker Screening
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10
Q

Need more review?

A

Pg. 166 # 1, 2, 9

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