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Pharmaceutical Analysis II (Lec) > Chromatographic Methods of Pharmaceutical Analysis > Flashcards

Chromatographic Methods of Pharmaceutical Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

The process in which a solution of a mixture is separation into its components

A

Chromatography

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2
Q

2 phases in chromatography (SM)

A

Stationary, Mobile

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3
Q

May be a solid, liquid supported on a solid, or a gel (Phases in chromatography)

A

Stationary phase

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4
Q

May be gaseous, liquid, or supercritical liquid (Phases in chromatography)

A

Mobile phase

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5
Q

Meaning of LSC

A

Liquid-solid chromatography (LSC)

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6
Q

Meaning of LLC

A

Liquid-liquid chromatography (LLC)

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7
Q

Meaning of GLC

A

Gas-liquid chromatography

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8
Q

Meaning of GSC

A

Gas-solid chromatography

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9
Q

Meaning of TLC

A

Thin-layer chromatography

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10
Q

Meaning of GC

A

Gas chromatography

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11
Q

Meaning of HPLC

A

High performance liquid chromatography

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12
Q

Meaning of CC

A

Column adsorption chromatography

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13
Q

Brings about the separation of a mixture through a competitive process in which molecules of the mobile phase competes with the analyte molecules in the adsorbent (Types of chromatography)

A

Adsorption chromatography

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14
Q

4 common adsorbents used in adsorption chromatography (KASC)

A

Kiesulguhr, Activated alumina, Silica gel, Calcium carbonate

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15
Q

2 types of packing (DW)

A

Dry, Wet

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16
Q

The column is washed with eluants until each compound is successively obtained in the eluate (Types of chromatography)

A

Elution chromatography

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17
Q

Involves the spotting of a sample of a mixture of compounds at end end of an adsorbent-coated glass plate followed by passage of a solvent through the adsorbent (Types of chromatography)

A

Thin-layer chromatography (TLC)

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18
Q

Factor that expresses the mobility of separated spots; also the ratio of the distance travelled by the solute and the solvent; employed in TLC

A

Retardation factor/Retention factor (Rf)

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19
Q

Used for wide range of pharmacopeial tests (Common stationary phases in TLC)

A

Silica gel G

20
Q

Same as silica gel G where visualization is under UV light (Common stationary phases in TLC)

A

Silica gel GF254

21
Q

Used for identification of tetracyclines (Common stationary phases in TLC)

A

Cellulose

22
Q

Used as a solid support for stationary phases in analysis of fixed oils (Common stationary phases in TLC)

A

Kieselguhr G

23
Q

Dark spots at 254 nm or fluorescent spots at 365 nm (Detection of compounds in TLC plates)

A

Ultraviolet light

24
Q

Brown spots, which disappear upon exposure to air (Detection of compounds in TLC plates)

A

Iodine vapors

25
Q

Blue spots with corticosteroids (Detection of compounds in TLC plates)

A

Alkaline tetrazolium blue

26
Q

Violet spots with phenolic compounds (Detection of compounds in TLC plates)

A

Ferric chloride solution

27
Q

Involves multidimensional separation using systems of various selectivities; are applied when compounds have very similar physicochemical properties (Types of TLC)

A

Two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography (2D-TLC)

28
Q

Is conducted on TLC plates which are coated with purified silica gel with a particle range of 2-10 µm (Types of TLC)

A

High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)

29
Q

An effective and easy way to obtain small quantities of compounds from heterogenous mixtures of natural products (Types of TLC)

A

Preparative thin-layer chromatography (PTLC)

30
Q

A separation technique in which the mobile and stationary phases are liquids (Types of chromatography)

A

Partition chromatography/Liquid-liquid chromatography

31
Q

Theory that states that the entire length of the chromatographic column is considered to be composed of many small, identical cells

A

Plate theory

32
Q

According to the plate theory, the entire length of the chromatographic column is considered to be composed of many small, identical cells called __________

A

Theoretical plates

33
Q

According to the plate theory, each volume of upper phase eluting from the column is called __________

A

Plate volume

34
Q

Based on the partition principle in which the solid adsorbent is filter paper (Types of chromatography)

A

Paper chromatography

35
Q

Accomplished by allowing the mobile phase to flow downward on the filter paper (Methods of paper chromatography)

A

Descending chromatography

36
Q

In which the mobile phase is allowed to rise upward on the paper by capillary action (Methods of paper chromatography)

A

Ascending chromatography

37
Q

In which the mobile phase moves out in concentric circles from the center of a circular piece of paper (Methods of paper chromatography)

A

Radial chromatography

38
Q

Is a separation technique that can be used for the analysis of organic molecules and ions (Types of chromatography)

A

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) / High-pressure liquid chromatography

39
Q

__________ is the system used as an instrumentation of HPLC; it has a solvent reservoir, pump, loop projector, column, detector, and data capture system

A

Standard HPLC system

40
Q

Column materials in HPLC may be divided into __________ and __________ (PS)

A

Porous, Superficially porous

41
Q

__________ is a column material used in HPLC that consist of a solid, nonporous core and a thin, porous outer shell

A

Superficially porous/Porous layer bead, Pellicular supports, Controlled surface porosity

42
Q

__________ is a graphical representation of the detector response, concentration of analyte in the effluent, or other quantity used as a measure of effluent concentration versus effluent volume or time

A

Chromatogram

43
Q

Is a force of column chromatography in which the mobile phase is a gas rather than a liquid solvent (Types of chromatography)

A

Gas chromatography (GC)

44
Q

The stationary phase may be an active adsorbent such as alumina, silica gel, or carbon (Types of gas chromatography)

A

Gas-solid chromatography

45
Q

The stationary phase may be a liquid that is coated as a thin film on a finely divided inert solid support (Types of gas chromatography)

A

Gas-liquid chromatography

46
Q

Used if the chromatographic column is of very small diameter; the stationary phase may be coated on its inner wall (Types of gas chromatography)

A

Open-tube/capillary column

Pharmaceutical Analysis II (Lec) (8 decks)

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