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yr 12 Biology > Christmas Booklet > Flashcards

Christmas Booklet Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

(AC) Plasma Membrane - Function

A

Protects cell from surroundings. semi-permeable to ions and organic molecules

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2
Q

(AC) Cytoplasm - Function

A

Maintains cell shape and stores chemicals needed for metasolic reactions

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3
Q

(AC) Nucleus - Function

A

Controls cellular activity and houses DNA and proteins

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4
Q

(AC) Nucleolus - Function

A

Makes RNA and ribosomes

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5
Q

(AC) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - Function

A

Protein synthesis takes place in the ribosomes and the newly synthesised proteins are transported to the golgi apparatus

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6
Q

(AC) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - Function

A

Responsible for the synthesis and transport of lipids and carbohydrates

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7
Q

(AC) Golgi Apparatus - Function

A

Modifies newly made proteins (from rough ER) and packages them into vesicles to be transported to where they are needed

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8
Q

(AC) Vesicles - Function

A

Transport vesicles transport materials inside the cell. secretory vesicles transport proteins that are to be released from the cell

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9
Q

(AC) Lysosomes - Function

A

Break down waste materials including old organelles

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10
Q

(AC) Ribosomes - Function

A

Protein synthesis occurs here

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11
Q

(AC) Mitochondria - Function

A

Site of the final stages of cellular respirations

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12
Q

(AC) Centrioles - Function

A

Form spindle fibres during cell division

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13
Q

(PC) Cell Wall - Function

A

Protects and supports each cell and the whole plant

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14
Q

(PC) Chloroplast - Function

A

Site of photosynthesis. light energy is trapped by the chlorophyll and used to produce carbohydrate molecules from water and carbon dioxide

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15
Q

(PC) Vacuole - Function

A

Maintains turgor to ensure a rigid framework in the cell

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16
Q

(PC) Tonoplast - Function

A

Selectively permeable to allow small molecules to pass through

17
Q

(PC) Amyloplast - Function

A

Responsible for synthesis and storage of starch granules

18
Q

(PC) Plasmodesmata - Function

A

Enable transport and communication between individual plant cells

19
Q

(PC) Pits - Function

A

Allow water to enter and leave xylem vessels

20
Q

Palisade Mesophyll Cells - Function

A

Photosynthesis. mesophyll captures light and makes food

21
Q

Root Hair Cell - Function

A

Collect water and mineral nutrients from water and transport through roots to the rest of the plant

22
Q

Sperm Cell - Function

A

Fertilize egg. reproduce

23
Q

Egg Cell - Function

A

Reproduce

24
Q

Red Blood Cell - Function

A

Transport oxygen. remove carbon dioxide from body

25
Q

White Blood Cell - Function

A

Protect body against infectious disease and foreign invaders

26
Q

Squamous Epithelial Tissue - Location

A

Lines certain structures such as the alveoli

27
Q

Squamous Epithelial Tissue - Function

A

Provide short diffusion path ways for oxygen and carbon dioxide

28
Q

Columnar Epithelial Tissue - Location

A

Lines the trachea in the respiratory system

29
Q

Columnar Epithelial Tissue - Function

A

Protects lungs from infections by sweeping away pathogens

30
Q

`Endothelium Epithelial Tissue - Location

A

Lining heart, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

31
Q

Endothelium Epithelial Tissue - Function

A

Provide short diffusion pathways for various substances E.G. products of digestion and blood plasma and tissue fluid

32
Q

Slow Twitch Muscle Fibres (6)

A 
Aerobic respiration
Many mitochondria
Dark in colour
Long contractions
Slow to fatigue
Endurance activities
33
Q

Fast Twitch Muscle Fibres (6)

A 
Anaerobic respiration
Few / no mitochondria
Pale in colour
Short contractions
Quick to fatigue
Activities needing short bursts of power
34
Q

Steps in an Action Potential

A

Voltage begins to rise from -60mv. Gates in voltage-gated channels open. Influx of Na+ ions into axon membrane. This is depolarization. This causes action potential in that section of the neurone. Sets off depolarisation in next section of neurone. Approx +30mv when the Na+ channels close. Gates in K+ gated channels open. K+ ions flow into membrane (slower that Na+ influx). Potential difference returns to -60mv. This is repolarisation.

35
Q

What Happens at a Synapes

A

Action potential arrives at synaptic bulb. Causes calcium channels to open allowing in calcium to the presynaptic bulb. Neurotransmitters arrive in vesicles. Calcium causes the vesicle to merge with synapse membrane, releasing the neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters disperse across synapse until they reach the postsynaptic nerve. Neurotransmitters bind with sodium channels, causing them to open and allow in sodium. New action potential is created.

yr 12 Biology (12 decks)

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