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[GCSE EDUQAS] Religious Studies - Route A (Christianity and Islam) > Christianity Practices > Flashcards

Christianity Practices Flashcards

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1
Q

Evangelism

A

Preaching of the gospel to others with the intent to convert others to Christianity (e.g. through public speaking or distributing leaflets)

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2
Q

Worship

A

An expression of adoration and praise for God, referred to frequently in the Bible - “To keep the Sabbath Day holy” is often interpreted as a command to worship God

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3
Q

Liturgical worship

A

Worship that follows a set structure and established rituals (e.g. a set pattern of prayers or the use of a set book in a service); a good example of Liturgical worship is the Eucharist

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4
Q

Informal worship

A

Worship that does not have a set structure and is more spontaneous - services in Evangelical denominations are more formal than traditional worship. Informal worship emphasises the importance of the Holy Spirit and the ability to worship anywhere where Christians gather

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5
Q

Individual worship

A

Takes place in addition to worshipping in a Church. Christians believe in the importance of forming a personal relationship with God and worshipping alone is part of this

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6
Q

Matthew 18:20

A

“Where two or more are gathered in my name, I am there with them” - implies that worship can take place anywhere where Christians gather

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7
Q

Importance of prayer

A

At the heart of Jesus’ lifestyle so is essential to the faith - it should not be superficial and you should worship God with all your thoughts and actions

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8
Q

Aspects of prayer

Adoration; confessional; contemplation; penitential; thanksgiving; supplication

A
  • Adoration - Deep love and respect for God
  • Confessional - Statement of faith through prayer
  • Contemplation - Meditation
  • Penitential - Saying sorry
  • Thanksgiving - Saying thank you
  • Supplication - Asking for something
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9
Q

Set prayers

A

Allow Christians to learn and repeat prayers that have significant meaning - allow it to become collective to have one communal voice when recited with others (e.g. Lord’s prayer)

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10
Q

Extemporaneous prayers

A

Non-formulaic and spontaneous prayers - some Christians believe this is more spiritually honest - other Christians believe prayers in this way are influenced by the Holy Spirit whereas others reject prayers such as the Lord’s prayer because the original meaning is lost when repeating set prayers

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11
Q

Informal prayers

A

Some Christians find it difficult to relate to set prayers as they are written in formal English (e.g. God referred to as “Father” instead of “Dad”) and have adopted an informal voice in prayer. Informal prayers tend to be private - Quakers value the idea of being in God’s presence and sit in silence and stillness in services as this develops their relationship with God

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12
Q

Sacraments

A

An outward sign of an invisible and inward blessing by God. Most Protestants will only recognise Baptism and Eucharist as they were the only two documented in the Gospel as being practiced by Jesus

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13
Q

Infant Baptism

A

In most Catholic and Church of England Churches, children and infants are baptised. In infant baptism, parents and godparents promise to raise the child in a Christian setting. Baptists don’t believe in infant baptism because they believe a believer should declare their own faith and babies cannot do this - Jesus baptised as an adult

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14
Q

Baptism’s importance

A

Baptism is a right of entry, allowing people to become members of Christianity; many Christians believe original sin is removed through baptism; believer’s baptism gives an individual the opportunity to declare their faith

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15
Q

Baptism’s importance

Additional arguments

A
  • Baptism links us directly with death and resurrection of Jesus - “We were buried with him through baptism”
  • Jesus instructed his disciples to baptise “Go and make disciples of all nations, baptising them”
  • Through baptism you can enter heaven - “No one can enter God’s kingdom unless they are born of the water”
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16
Q

Eucharist

A

Eucharist is a sacrament insitituted by Jesus at his Last Supper before his crucifixion where he shared bread and wine with his disciples. Christians today continue this tradition as they believe this brings them closer to God because it is an act of thanksgiving for the life and death of Jesus

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17
Q

Transubstantiation

A

Transubstantiation is the Roman Catholic belief that the bread and wine actually become the body and blood of Christ during Holy Communion - Protestants reject this - Presbyterians believe that Jesus is spiritually present whereas Baptists believe the ritual is an act of remembrance known as memorialism

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18
Q

Consubstantiation

A

Consubstantiation is the Lutherans’ (Protestant reformers) concept of “sacramental union” - that the body and blood of Jesus are somehow present “within” the bread and wine.

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19
Q

Christmas

A

Christmas is the celebration of the birth of Jesus (Incarnation) - due to its importance a period of time known as advent was set aside to allow Christians to prepare for Christmas, beginning four Sundays before Christmas. Eastern Orthodox Church fasts during this time whereas Western Churches do not

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20
Q

Christmas celebrations

A

Christmas is celebrated by:

  • Nativities in schools or churches
  • Christingle services - showing Jesus as the light of the world
  • Cards exchanged with a religious image/greeting
  • Decoration of houses
  • Midnight mass on Christmas Eve
  • Church services on Christmas day
21
Q

Easter

A

Easter is the most important Christian festival because it remembers the death and resurrection of Jesus

22
Q

Lent

A

Lent is a period of 40 days leading up to Easter - remembering the time Jesus fasted in the desert praying and also resisting the temptation of the devil. Christians will give up something during Lent to remember Jesus fasting in the desert

23
Q

Shrove Tuesday

Lent

A

Shrove Tuesday is the day before Lent and is an opportunity for Christians to use up the foods they would be giving up during Lent

24
Q

Ash Wednesday

Lent

A

Ash Wednesday is the first day of Lent and Catholics will attend a service where their foreheads are marked with a cross from black ashes

25
Q

Holy Week

Lent

A

Holy Week is the week which preceeds Easter Sunday, where Christians remember the events which led up to Jesus’ death

26
Q

Psalm Sunday

A

Psalm Sunday commerates Jesus’ arrival in Jerusalem; Catholics and Anglicans receive crosses made of palm leaves to remind them of this

27
Q

Maundy Thursday

A

Maundy Thursday reminds Christians of Jesus’ last meal with his disciples where he shared with them bread and wine; Christians often have Holy Communion services to remember this

28
Q

Good Friday

A

Good Friday remembers Jesus’ death on the cross - mourning services will be held and Catholics fast on this day

29
Q

Easter Sunday

A

Easter Sunday is the day of Jesus’ resurrection - a day of celebration

30
Q

Easter Sunday celebrations

A

To celebrate Easter Sunday, Christians will:

  • Attend special services
  • Fill Churches with flowers
  • Exchange cards with family and friends
  • Exchange Easter eggs
  • Attend services during Lent
  • Visit cemetaries to leave flowers for the dead
  • Complete personal readings of the Bible
31
Q

Pilgrimage

A

A pilgrimage is a journey to a sacred place, usually as an act of religious devotion; for Christians, pilgrimage is faith in action, a journey representing the journey that all Christians undertake from Earth to Heaven

32
Q

Walsingham

A

In Norfolk, Walsingham has been a holy place since 1061 and a small monoastic Church was built on site in 1150 which people would visit. Important to Christians because it reminds them of the importance of Jesus’ birth and as our human journey itself begins with birth

33
Q

Taize

A

In Burgundy, France, founded in 1941 and is an important ecumenical monastic order because the monks are from different countries and Christian denominations; they also live a life of communal prayer

(Ecumenical refers to a unity among the world’s Christian churches)

34
Q

Importance of Taize

A

Emphasises the importance of co-operation and understanding between different denominations - today there are over 100 brothers from Protestant and Catholic traditions - reconciliation is at the heart of Taize

35
Q

Christianity in Britain today

A
  • Old teachings/beliefs becoming increasingly out-of-date or irrelevant
  • More people are becoming athiest or agnostic
  • Christianity is now only one of many religious traditions followed in Britain - Britain more pluralistic
  • Church attendance declining
  • Religious festivals lost religious significance (e.g. Christmas); cards exchanged w/o religious connection - more secular celebrations now
36
Q

Traditions with a Christian foundation

A
  • “Keep holy the Sabaath day” - shops close early on Sundays
  • In U.K. court, witnesses giving evidence must swear they are telling the truth usually through the Bible
  • Christian hymns are made public events - National Service of Remembrance
  • Many have marriage ceremonies in a Church even if they aren’t religious
37
Q

Laws with a Christian foundation

A
  • 26 most senior Church of England Bishops are part of parliament
  • Laws must be approved by these bishops as well as MPs
  • Meetings at parliament are opened with prayers
  • Many laws reflect the Ten Commandments (e.g. Do not kill)
38
Q

Festivals with a Christian Foundation

A

The Christian calander influences U.K. public holidays:

  • School holidays will fall under public holidays influenced by Christianity (e.g. Easter holiday)
39
Q

Religion in schools

A
  • ⅓ of state funded schools in England & Wales are faith schools
  • Out of 7000 faith schools in England & Wales, 98% are Christian
  • Religious studies/education must be taught in schools by law and provide daily worship
  • Religious studies/education should reflect that traditions in the U.K. are mainly Christian
40
Q

Role of Church in local community

A

Church is primarily a place of worship but reach out to communities in different ways:

  • Some services which Churches provide are religious in nature (e.g. marriage, baptism, etc.)
  • But many Churches have a church hall which can be used for a range of activities such as food banks and emergency shelters
41
Q

Mission

Evangelism

A

It is a mission of the Church not just to help Christians live out a life of faith but to also tell Christians the message of salvation to all. Many believe it is their duty to convert others to Christianity. Many doubt the ethics behind this as they think that you should be respectful to others’s religion

42
Q

Church growth

Evangelism

A

In January 2016, Church of England attendance dropped to below 1 million - lowest figure ever

  • However, some evangelical churches are thriving in Britain in recent years such as through “church planting” - the process of establishing non-traditional churches
43
Q

Tear Fund

A

Tearfund is a Christian charity

  • Works through Church groups aiding the poor in many countries
  • Works in over 50 countries providing aid when natural disasters occur
  • Carries out long-term projects to support local communities
  • Raises public awareness such as discrimination and poverty
  • Gives practical help to act out the teachings of Jesus to help others
44
Q

Why Christians support charities

A
  • Christians follow Jesus’ command “Love your neighbour” and “Treat others as you would like to be treated”
  • Try to put into action unconditional love that Jesus discusses - “agape” love
  • Follow religious texts about charity “Those who have two coats, give one to the man who has none”
45
Q

Open Doors

Evangelical organisation

A

Established 1955 when Brother Andrew - a Dutch missionary - smuggled Bibles into the Soviet Union. Today it helps persecuted Christians by distributing Bibles, providing practical support for Christians who are victims of disasters

46
Q

Christian Freedom International

A

Formed in 1998 - battles for rights of persecuted Christians around the world. Helps persecuted Christians through distribution of food, water, medicine, clothing, Bibles and other basic supplies in countries where persecution is most intense.

47
Q

Reconciliation

A

The belief that people should make up after an argument and move on.

48
Q

Ecumenical Movement

A

An attempt to bring different denominations together and promote unity throughout the world. Began with World Missionary Conference at Edinburgh in 1910 which resulted in more co-operation between denominations. Now some Churches share a common building and joint services

49
Q

World Council of Churches

A

World-wide fellowship of Churches seeking unity and making connections between different denominations - every year they hold a special prayer week bringing together different denominations in over 110 countries. Catholic Church is not part of this organisation but does take part in some national and local ecumenical organisations

[GCSE EDUQAS] Religious Studies - Route A (Christianity and Islam) (5 decks)

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