Christian Encounters With Jews And Muslims Flashcards
What is a covenant?
An agreement between god and humanity cited in scripture
What notion of early Christianity did Jews find highly problematic?
The Christians believed there was a new covenant specified in Greek scripture which set out a new relationship between god and man mediated through Jesus Christ - the messiah
- Jews found it difficult to comprehend having a dead god and rejected the Christian’s understanding of Christ as the messiah - instead they waited for their true messiah
What did they New Testament believe of the Jews?
New Testament teaching accused Jews of deicide - the killing of god
The belief was known that Jews were punished to become wonders - a nation without a land
How did Pope Paul IIII describe the Jews?
“In perpetual servitude subject to their own guilt”
This rationale allowed the justification of centuries of anti semitism
- regardless of this it was still believed Jews could become apart of Christendom - with St Paul believing the conversion of Jews would herald the second coming of Christ and Armageddon
Which council outlawed Jews and Muslims from having christian servants?
What else was declared?
- Canon 26 of the Third Lateran Council
- Proclaimed christian evidence would always outweigh and overrule Jewish evidence in law suits
Despite seemingly tolerant times of pragmatism between religions underlying sentiment of christian supremacy still remained strong amongst early modern peoples
Church forbade Jews from owning any works in Hebrew other than the bible. When was this?
1557
Ideas of controlling Jewish communities beginning to take form
What happened in 1453?
Ottoman sultan Mahmed II conquers Constantinople - fall of the christian Byzantine empire (eastern Roman Empire)
What is meant by devshirme?
Practice whereby christian boys can be seized from christian families and brought to Istanbul to become high ranking official or conscripted to join military
Why were Jews recognised as ‘the other’?
- had to use different butchers
- linguistic difference - Jewish people spoke Yiddish and wrote in Hebrew
Who was Simon of Trent?
When?
Why?
In a Jewish families basement on Easter Sunday in 1475 the body of a christian boy was found dead - results in waves of antisemitism as Jewish men are rounded up and executed
- through print this local story of Simon of Trent spread through Europe
What antisemitic text did Luther write?
When?
The Jews and Their Lies
1543
Venetian ghetto
- when was it established?
- discuss demographic changes within ghetto
Established 1516
expanded in 1541 and then again in 1633 & ends up with around 3,000 Jewish inhabitants
In Rome ghettos built in 1555, by 1600 there are 4000 Jews inhabitants. How much did this number increase by 1700?
10,000 Jews in Roman ghettos by 1700
Who described the ghettos as an ‘urban condom’?
What was meant by this?
Richard Sennet
Ghettos were generally barricaded by walls or water. The analogy of the condom is indicative of a physical barrier preventing Jewish and christian communities from interacting
