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Religious Studies OCR > christian beliefs > Flashcards

christian beliefs Flashcards

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1
Q

what does transcendent mean?

A

existing outside of time and space

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2
Q

what does immanent mean?

A

present with people

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3
Q

what does monotheistic mean?

A

belief in one god

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4
Q

describe what it is that Christians believe about God’s nature that makes him a fair judge

A

His omniscience and perfect nature make him a fair judge

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5
Q

How do Christians believe God has provided a perfect example of godly living?

A

jesus was god’s incarnate, he lived a perfect life on earth and provides an example of godly living

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6
Q

quote that summarises the ‘monotheistic’ religion

A

’ you shall have no other gods before me’- exodus (2nd commandment)

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7
Q

which Christian denomination focuses on god’s purity and oneness?

A

plymouth brethren:
- they believe those that are part of that community can truly understand the oneness of God. They live as far away as possible and lives separate lives from the rest of the world to remove themselves from the evil

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8
Q

state God Christians beliefs about the Trinity

A

each of the three trinities is equal
they all fulfil a different role
they have a perfect relationship

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9
Q

state Christian denominations that do not believe in the Trinity

A

unitarianism

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10
Q

what reasons do some Christian have for not believing in the Trinity

A

the belief in the Trinity leads to the idea that there is more than one god and puts the monotheism of Christianity in dangere
it goes against the second of the ten commandments

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11
Q

Which two parts of the Holy Trinity are unseen?

A
  • father

- holy spirit

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12
Q

why did God reveal himself in the form of Jesus on earth?

A
  • to reveal himself to people
  • to rise from the dead to show he is eternal
  • to sacrifice himself on the cross to receive gods punishment for human sin in order for salvation
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13
Q

Why did God rise from the dead?

A

1) to show that God has power over death
2) to show that He is eternal
3) to show that Christians may have everlasting life in heaven after death

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14
Q

what does the holy spirit do

A

1) helps Christians to live in the way that God requires
2) helps Christians to understand God’s teaching
3) promises life with God in heaven after death

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15
Q

describe the way in which God creates in Genesis 1

A

by speaking aloud

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16
Q

how is the creation of humans different from the way God creates the rest of the world

A
  • god created humans in the image of Him.
  • he breathed life into Adam’s nostrils
  • he created the rest by speaking aloud
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17
Q

what was the role of the spirit in the Creation

A
  • hovers over the waters and waits to bring life into the world.
  • when God breathed life into Adam’s nostrils it was also the spirit bringing life
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18
Q

state why the role of the father, spirit and the word in creation is God to Christians

A
  • it shows the Trinity was involved in creations

- strengthens the monotheistic understanding of god

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19
Q

what is the original sin?

A

the sin that first entered the world through Adam and Eve’s disobedience

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20
Q

what causes eve to disobey from?

A

she liked the look of the fruit and she wanted to gain knowledge as the ‘crafty’ serpent had told her

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21
Q

in what order to god create the world

A

1) the heavens and the earth
2) light
3) sky
4) land
5) vegetation
6) the sun and the moon
7) animals (water)
8) animals (land)
9) man

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22
Q

describe the effect of the fall

A
  • The Fall caused humans to no longer be in a relationship with God.
  • Human sin is a barrier to this relationship. As a result, humans require salvation, which is provided through Jesus’ death and resurrection.
  • lose immortality
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23
Q

when considering the accounts of creation, what 3 things do all Christians agree on?

A
  • god created the universe
  • God acted out of love and goodness- he cares for his creation even in its broken sinful state
  • Humans are made in his image but are sinful and lack perfection
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24
Q

what is the creationist approach?

A

-they reject any science that suggests that the world was not made in 6 days. the bible is an accurate representation of God’s word and should be taken as the absolute truth

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25
Q

why do some Christians believe that the most appropriate way to understand genesis is as a myth?

A
  • differences in writing style and accounts between Genesis 1 and 2
  • scientific research to show it was created over a billion years ago and not 5,700
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26
Q

what is Theistic evolution

A

belief in life was developed through evolution but it was started by God and is the mechanism by which God brings about life

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27
Q

why is it impossible to hold on to a belief in an omnipotent and omnibenevolent god?

A
  • if God is omnibenevolent he can use his power to stop suffering but he hasn’t which could mean he isn’t all powerful.
  • if God is omnipotent and has the power to stop suffering maybe he isn’t benevolent
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28
Q

what is a moral evil

A

suffering caused by the direct fault of human sinful actions

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29
Q

what is natural evil

A

suffering created through no direct fault of humans

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30
Q

what is the justification of natural disasters according to some Christians

A
  • they see the world as a test
  • without it, there would be no opportunity for people to show their love for one another
  • opportunity to share in the suffering which Jesus himself experienced
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31
Q

in what way does the Lord’s prayer help believers to depend on God and trust him even in times of suffering?

A

in the Lord’s prayer, believers trust God’s will in their lives. They depend on him for needs and ask that he ‘delivers us from evil’.

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32
Q

what is the proposed solution to the impossible belief in an omnipotent and omnibenevolent god called?

A

theodicies

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33
Q

what is the Irenaean theodicy

A
  • argues that God allows evil and suffering to exist
  • deliberately created the world with both good and evil to allow us to choose between good and bad
  • he allows suffering as he wants our souls to develop
  • through suffering, we learn and develop spiritually
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34
Q

what did irenaean believe about the Fall

A
  • just a stage in the human learning process.

- as long as humans are open to learning from their actions they can go to heaven

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35
Q

what is the Augustinian theory

A
  • god made a perfect creation as recorded in Genesis
  • evil is when something good becomes corrupted and lacks its intended perfection
  • when Adam and even ate the fruit, evil entered the perfect universe
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36
Q

why is Jesus important

A
  • it gives Christians an example for their lives
  • as the son of God, his death is the sacrifice that provides the restoration of a perfect relationship between humans and god.
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37
Q

which quote reinforces Jesus resurrection as forgiveness of human sin

A

‘without the shedding of blood, there is no forgiveness of sins’

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38
Q

how do Christians believe that Jesus is the saviour?

A

-his death on the cross, taking the punishment for sin allowing the relationship to restored between humans and god

39
Q

in what way does the belief in different titles of Jesus affect the way a Christian may choose to live?

A
  • christians worship god
  • follow Jesus’ example of holy living
  • confess sins when they make mistakes
40
Q

who did Jesus spend the most time with

A
  • whom society rejected because he believes god values all and so anyone can have a relationship with him
41
Q

what did Jesus say in Matthew are the two most important commandments

A
  • love god

- love thy neighbour

42
Q

why does Jesus tell us the story of the good samaritan

A

to show how they should give love to all people, not just their friends but also their enemies. samaritans and jews (the person mugged and left for dead) were enemies

43
Q

what is sacrificial love (agape)

A

a love that places God and other people above yourself

-voluntarily suffer discomfort and even death for the benefit of other people without expecting anything in return

44
Q

practising agape love means that Jesus requires Christians to:

A
  • forgive each other
  • work to achieve peace
  • help those in need
45
Q

how does Jesus demonstrate compassion in the Bible

A

when Jesus cleaned the man of leprosy

46
Q

what is evangelism and why does this occur

A

evangelism- sharing the message of god and persuading others to become believers
this happens as they want to see people become believers and part of God’s kingdom

47
Q

what do all Christians believe about Jesus

A

both man and god

48
Q

what makes it hard for some Christians to accept the claims about Jesus occurring as a result of virgin birth or healing miracles

A

goes against scientific evidence and laws of nature

49
Q

what do conservative Christians believe about God’s power to do miracles

A

he is omnipotent and omniscient so has the knowledge and power to do anything.
and take literally the word of the bible and so believes in virgin birth and miracles

50
Q

what does the sermon of the mount contain?

A

contains many of Jesus teachings about how Christians should live in order to please god

51
Q

what are the 6 sections the sermon (on the mount)?

A
  • beatitudes
  • jesus and the law
  • true discipleship
  • true righteousness
  • the narrow gateway
  • building on solid foundations
52
Q

what do beatitudes mean

A

blessing

53
Q

what does the beatitude describe?

A

Describes the attitudes and qualities that God wants all his followers to develop and which he can bless.
qualities include: -meekness, mercy and peace

54
Q

what do the ‘Jesus and the law’ describe

A

-moses originally brought the law of God to the Israelites. Jesus’ teaching does not get rid of this law but changes the way that believers understand it

55
Q

what makes Jesus’ teachings on the law so challenging?

A
  • obedience to the law must come from the person’s heart
  • the law of Moses is based on love. but Jesus teaches not to just love their neighbours- whom they are on good terms with) but enemies too
56
Q

describe what Jesus says makes a true disciple?

A

to make a true follower you need to :

  • be sincere in all you do
  • keep fasting and charity private
  • wants people’s prayers straight to the point and not complicated as this will not make anyone more spiritual
57
Q

what prayer did Jesus give as an example

A

lord’s prayer

58
Q

what does Jesus teach in true righteousness (wealth)

A

not one person can worship both god and money. love for money can lead to selfishness and greed

59
Q

in what way does Jesus warn people to not judge others

A

he says that if people judge others then God will judge them with the same standards.
nobody is perfect and so nobody is in a position where they can judge others

60
Q

what does Jesus warn in ‘the narrow gateway’

A 
difficulties of being a Christian
there may be:
prosecution
god laws
love enemies
61
Q

describe the two pathways described by god

A

broad pathway: leads to destruction. this is life without following God’s laws. as this may be an easy way to live life this will not lead to God’s blessing.

narrow pathway: hard when living on earth but it will lead to rewards in heaven which will be eternal

62
Q

what does Jesus say is the best foundation for people to build their lives on?

A

jesus teaches that a life built on faith and trust in God will enable a person to get through the toughest times in life, unlike a life without faith

63
Q

what does His incarnation mean

A

he was not affected by the original sin when he was born

64
Q

what does it show when Jesus was able to perform miracles.

A

it provided a glimpse of heaven where there is no pain, suffering or physical harm

65
Q

why do Christians believe God can understand human suffering

A

because he himself as Jesus suffered through crucifixion

his crucifixion was an atonement sacrifice

66
Q

why is Jesus death considered as an atonement sacrifice

A

his death had a purpose that benefitted all humans

67
Q

state why is it important for Jesus to be born without sin

A

he was able to demonstrate how to live the perfect life and through his death took the sins of all people

68
Q

how does Jesus’ resurrection provide evidence that he was god’s incarnate

A

no other human being has the power over life and death in this way

69
Q

why do Christians find hope in the resurrection

A

they believe that they too will be raised to life after death to share eternity in heaven with Jesus

70
Q

what did Jesus say as evidence for being raised to share eternity in heaven with Jesus?

A

‘he who believes in me will live even if he dies’

71
Q

what are the two understandings of Jesus’ ascension

A
  • jesus literally rising up to heaven

- represented symbolically: the rising up of Jesus shows his success of good over evil

72
Q

what does Jesus’ ascension signify?

A

-end of his life and work

73
Q

what do Christians believe Jesus returned to heaven to do?

A

jesus returned to heaven to prepare a place for them to go after death

74
Q

why do Christians see the ascension, resurrection, crucifixion and incarnation significant?

A

examples of God working in the world

75
Q

why do some Christians use a crucifix during worship?

A

to focus on the meaning of the death of Jesus and on his sacrifice and suffering

76
Q

why is the empty cross found in protestant churches?

A

emphasises the idea that the cross was not the end and that Jesus rose from the dead

77
Q

what is atonement

A

something which is done to pay for doing something wrong

78
Q

how is the atonement provided in the old testament

A

once a year they had to make an offering of the atonement sacrifice on the Day of Atonement
- the priest would enter the innermost part of the temple and sacrifice an animal. The blood of that animal would bring atonement between humans and god

79
Q

why is Jesus’ sacrifice different to the animal’s sacrifice

A

jesus’ sacrifice had an eternal effect

as Christians show repentance for their sins, God accepts Jesus’ death as the payment for it

80
Q

describe ‘the law’ in the concept of salvation

A

in the past religious law had shown that people were sinful and imperfect. Nobody managed to obey all of the laws or commandments.
-under the new covenant, all people could receive complete forgiveness and have the holy spirit living in them

81
Q

what is ‘grace’

A

an unconditional love that God shows to people who do not deserve it
-means if they have faith in Christ, humans have his blessing even if they are imperfect and sinful

82
Q

what is redemption

A
  • process of buying something back or paying off a debt

- christians believe the salvation that God offers is actually him offering to pay their debt of sin.

83
Q

state why Christians believe repentance is important

A

repentance is necessary in order for a person to be forgiven by God and to receive gods grace.
-gods help is brought by the holy spirit which now lives within us

84
Q

state some different views about how individuals receive salvation

A
  • roman catholics believe they are saved by being baptised. their ongoing participation in the sacrements is key ensuring their salvation
  • evangelical christians believe the faith in jesus will alow them to be saved
  • doing good deeds might help to get into heaven
85
Q

what is eschaton

A

living in the end time, the last days of the world

86
Q

what is parousia

A

second coming of Jesus

87
Q

why is the belief in the resurrection an eschatological belief

A

because many christians believe that at the end of time all the dead will be raised to be judged by god

88
Q

what is hell

A

eternal separation from god after death

89
Q

outline the different believes that christians have about hell

A
  • the church uses the fear of hell as a way of getting people to follow the religion
  • some christians believe hell will be annihilation - soul and body easy to exist
90
Q

what is heaven

A

eternal life after death in the presence of god

91
Q

what does belief in heaven encourage a christian to do

A

continue to serve god and be obedient to Him

92
Q

what is purgatory (Roman Catholic belief)

A

when a person is not pure enough to come into god’s presence immediately, so they will undergo purification to achieve the holiness necessary to be able to go to heaven

93
Q

how is heaven described in the bible

A

infant of the throne is ‘a sea of glass, as clear as crystal’

94
Q

what does Jesus’ teaching show in the parable of the sheep and and the goats

A

unless they help others, their salvation and eternal life is at risk

Religious Studies OCR (9 decks)

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