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Engineer > Chptr 20- Aerial Apparatus Strategies And Tactics > Flashcards

Chptr 20- Aerial Apparatus Strategies And Tactics Flashcards

1
Q

_______ are the actual procedures and actions taken to successfully carry out strategies.

A

Tactics

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2
Q

___________ __________ represent the overall plans needed to successfully mitigate an emergency and terminate an incident.

A

Operational strategies

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3
Q

In an ideal situation, the best rescue approach is made from ______ on level grade and without obstructions.

A

Upwind

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4
Q

If possible, the driver/operator should position aerial apparatus used for rescue at the _______ of the building.

A

Corner

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5
Q

Two advantages to positioning at a corner

A

You can potentially reach victims on two sides of a building

You are potentially safer on the corner if a structural collapse occurs.

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6
Q

The preferred method for using protective hose lines, protecting the rescuers and the aerial device from fire,is to use a ____-_____ ___ stream to cool and/or protect the aerial device and personnel while the rescue operation is in progress.

A

Wide-angle fog

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7
Q

If the victim is to be lifted over the top rail of the elevating platform, the driver/operator should position the apparatus so that the _________ is directly in line with the target, if possible.

A

Turntable

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8
Q

If the victim enters the elevating platforms hinged gate, the turntable must be positioned a little ______ or ______ the target because the platform gates are typically on the side of the platform, therefore the platform must be raised at an angle to the target to provide safe access to all gates.

A

Forward or behind

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9
Q

Typically, occupants located on or immediately _____ the fire floor will be in the greatest danger

A

Above

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10
Q

Ff’ers should not pass up those in greatest danger just to rescue a _______ person who is in a safe area.

A

Panicked

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11
Q

Rescuers should give preference to individuals who are in a _______ state and appear ready to jump if they do not see that help is imminent.

A

Panicked

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12
Q

The ______ priority for rescue incidents involves multiple victims who may be located in different parts of the building.

A

Second

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13
Q

The ______ priority for rescue incidents involves the remainder of people in the fire area.

A

Third

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14
Q

In a worst case scenario, it is best to rescue the _______ number of people possible, given the time available

A

Largest

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15
Q

The ______ priority for rescue incidents is the people in the exposed area.

A

Fourth

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16
Q

Building occupants on the ____ floor are in the greatest amount of danger.

A

Fire

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17
Q

Raising an aerial device to a victim.

The best position is one in which the extended and rotated aerial device is _____________ to the objective.

A

Perpendicular

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18
Q

If an aerial ladder is designed to be in the unsupported position, the tip should be placed (barely) _____ the target spot according to the manufacturers recommendations, this prevents the ladder from coming into contact with building as people climb or descend without placing excessive stress on the device.

A

Above

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19
Q

In older apparatus designed to be used in the supported position, _____________ positioning allows for maximum load carrying capabilities when both base rails are evenly in contact with the supporting object.

A

Perpendicular

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20
Q

When maneuvering aerial device to reach a victim, the aerial device should be initially aimed _____ the victim and then _______.

A

Above

Lowered

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21
Q

When using the aerial ladder (for window rescue), the first rung of the ladder tip should be placed ____ with the windowsill.

A

Even

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22
Q

When using aerial platforms for window rescue, most fd’s prefer that the platform be placed so that the ___ ____ of the platform is even with the windowsill, this way victims can board directly into the platform feet first

A

Top rail

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23
Q

Engaging the _________ _____ is an important step in making the device a rigid structure if so equipped.

A

Extension lock

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24
Q

When removing trapped victims from a roof, the tip of the aerial ladder should be placed so that at least _ feet extends above the edge of the roof.

A

6

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25
Q

Aerial platforms should be placed so that the bottom of the platform is just _____ and ____ the edge of the roof.
(Positioning an aerial device for rescue from a roof)

A

Above and over

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26
Q

When rescuing victims off of parapet style roofs, it may be necessary to use ____ _______ to get over the parapet to the aerial device

A

Roof ladders

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27
Q

Vertical extension of an exterior wall, and sometimes an interior firewall, above the roof of a building.

A

Parapet wall

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28
Q

If a parapet is structurally sound, the roof ladder should rest against the _______ rather than the ______ ______.

A

Parapet

Aerial ladder

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29
Q

When dealing with parapets, ___________ _____ devices are advantageous over ___________ devices

A

Articulating aerial

Telescoping

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30
Q

Wire or plastic basket-type litter suitable for transporting patients from locations where a standard litter would not be easily secured, such as a pile of rubble, a structural collapse, or the upper floor of a building; may be used with a harness for lifting

A

Stokes basket

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31
Q

After properly positioning the aerial ladder, at least ___ and preferably ___ ff’ers should be assigned to assist the victims in boarding and descending the ladder.

A

One

Two

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32
Q

_______ ______ should be guided down the ladder under their own power.

A

Capable adults

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33
Q

Infants or small children may be _______ in the ff’ers arms as the ff’ers descends the ladder.

A

Cradled

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34
Q

Small children and adults incapable of climbing down the ladder themselves will have to be _______ or supported.

A

Carried

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35
Q

Large victims will require the ff’er to use other methods of carrying. A desirable method may be the “____-___” method.
This method is best for a heavier person who is conscious and able to control his or her movements but is not strong enough to descend under his or her own power.

A

Knee-sit

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36
Q

______ method for moving victims down aerials is uniquely useful for unconscious or severely injured victims who are not able to physically assist in their own rescue. (Moving them down on your arms, your arms on the top beams)

A

Second

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37
Q

A _____ alternative is the over-the-shoulder carry. This carry is the most difficult and most risky since the FF will only have one hand available for stability while descending the ladder.
Should only be performed with a safety ff’er descending just below the ff’er carrying the victim

A

Third

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38
Q

Moving victims in aerial platforms.
One ff’er lowers the aerial device to the ground to unload the victims. The 2nd ff’er, if available, should remain at the _______ point to calm and reassure the remaining victims while the platform is being unloaded and returned to the rescue point.

A

Loading

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39
Q

_ ff’ers are required to remove unconscious victims

A

2

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40
Q

Lowering a basket using an aerial ladder.
When it isn’t possible to carry a litter down the stairs, there are _ methods of lowering a stokes basket with aerial ladder.
The easiest method is to _____ the basket down the ladder using 1 of 2 ways
-Best way being litter fitting between the rails and sliding down the rungs.
-#2’nd way being litter on top of hand rails, perpendicular to the ladder, guiding down by a ff’er.

2nd method being using the aerial ladder as part of a rope lowering system for removing victims in basket litters from elevated positions.

A

Lower

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41
Q

Aerials can be used as a high point anchor only as a ____ _____

A

Last resort

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42
Q

Standard on life safety rope and equipment for emergency services

A

NFPA 1983

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43
Q

Standard on operations and training for technical search and rescue incidents

A

NFPA 1670

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44
Q

The _______ end of the ropes should never be anchored to other parts of the apparatus, to static structures, or to objects on the ground.

A

Working

45
Q

Aerial devices for water rescue. Two most common scenarios include vehicles that have been driven into high water across __________ and removing people who have become trapped on a ____ or similar object in a rain-swollen, fast moving body of water.

A

Roadways

Tree

46
Q

1st safety issue that affects aerial apparatus at water rescue incidents is the lack of …….
-It is usually necessary to spot the apparatus a ___ ____ away from the waters edge

A

Lack of a suitable location to adequately stabilize the apparatus.
Few feet

47
Q

Another safety issue that makes the us of aerial apparatus dangerous for water rescues is the potential for the aerial device to

A

Come in contact with swiftly moving water causing excessive lateral force

48
Q

Anyone working near the water must wear a

A

PFD

49
Q

When providing access for ventilating a flat roof, the driver/operator should position the apparatus on the ________ side of the structure as close as possible to the area being ventilated.

A

Unburned

50
Q

Extend the fly sections so that a minimum of _ feet protrudes over the edge of the roof

A

6

51
Q

When using an elevated platform for ventilation, the bottom of the platform should be positioned ____ ____ or extended ________ ____ the roof’s edge, allowing ff’ers to easily exit and enter the platform.

A

Even with

Slightly over

52
Q

It is _____ to ladder the tip of the aerial ladder or platform rather than rely on the integrity of the parapet wall.

A

Safer

53
Q

When possible, it is a good idea to ladder the roof from _ different sides to permit an alternate route of escape in the event the crew is cut off from the first aerial device during ventilation operations

A

2

54
Q

If ff’ers can not safely operate on the roof, __________ or _____ ventilation can be accomplished with aerial devices.

A

Horizontal or cross

55
Q

Ff’ers doing horizontal ventilation from platform must be

A

Secured to the ladder or platform with a safety belt

56
Q

When breaking windows to provide cross ventilation, position the aerial device slightly _____ the window and to the ______ side

A

Above

Upwind

57
Q

Elevated master streams are most commonly used in _________ operations

A

Defensive

58
Q

When a defensive attack is employed, the risk of ________ ________ must be considered.

A

Building collapse

59
Q

The driver/operator is responsible for applying elevated water stream as _______, ________, and ____________ as possible

A

Smoothly
Quickly
Efficiently

60
Q

When using an elevated master stream in a _____ attack, the driver/operator should position the apparatus to give the fire stream as much reach into the fire area as possible.
Goal will be to place the nozzle in the lower portion of the window opening so the fire stream may be directed upwards towards the ceiling.

A

Blitz

61
Q

When crews are working inside the building, never perform _________ fire attacks using master streams, including the aerial device.

A

External

62
Q

A recommended tactic is to direct the master stream at the _______ of the target fire area

A

Ceiling

63
Q

___ nozzles are able to break up the water to allow better steam conversion
Drawback to these nozzles is they they do not provide the reach and penetrate often needed to reach the seat of an intense fire.
Can be set to straight stream in order to closely emulate the performance of a solid stream nozzle

A

Fog

64
Q

_____ streams provide excellent penetration into fire areas
-are not as affected by wind conditions nor are they as effective for rapid steam conversion as are fog streams.
Best application are for reaching fires deeply seated within a building or for defensively attacking, large, well developed fires from a relatively long distance.

A

Solid

65
Q

It is generally not practical to discharge _______ ____ through an elevated master stream appliance.

A

Aerated foam

66
Q

-To aggressively attack a fire from exterior with a large diameter (2.5” or larger) fire stream.
Often conducted with elevated master streams when the fire is on upper stories and while ff’ers are preparing to enter the building.
_____ attack can be initiated by an elevated master stream as an offensive attack, best way is to deflect water off the ceiling of the fire room, nozzle being located about even with the bottom of the window. This position allows water to enter an area at an angle of __ degrees

A

Blitz attack

30

67
Q

Ensure that no ff’ers or victims are on the fire floor when the outside _______ are directed into the building.

A

Streams

68
Q

Water adds weight to the structure at the rate of ____ lbs for every 250gpm.

A

2000

69
Q

Exterior fire attack that is limited to controlling the spread of a fire, with an emphasis on exposure protection.

A

Defensive attack

70
Q

If possible, position the apparatus on the ________ side of the building

A

Unburned

71
Q

Using the aerial as an ________ ________ may be necessary when their is an interior fire on an upper floor and the building does not have an operable standpipe system

A

Exterior standpipe

72
Q

An ________ is defined as a structure or separate part of the fireground to which the fire may spread, such as a carport, automobile, or stack of hay. Fire spreads to these ________(s) by __________, __________, or _________

A 
Exposure
Exposure 
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
73
Q

____ enhances the effects of radiated and convection heat transfer, and fast moving burning embers

A

Wind

74
Q

Water can be sprayed onto an aerial device to protect it from ______ heat

A

Radiant

75
Q

A fog stream sprayed into a thermal column can help reduce the amount of _________ heat that can spread to exposures.

A

Convection

76
Q

When possible, a ___ pattern will allow for maximum, coverage of the exposure.

A

Fog

77
Q

________ and _____ streams must be constantly maneuvered to cover the entire surface of a structure for exposure protection

A

Straight and solid

78
Q

First option of rescuing victims of all larger commercial passenger and some military aircraft, use the equipped ______ ______ or ______ at exit door openings

A

Escape chutes or slides

79
Q

Second best option for rescuing victims from an aircraft is to place a set of ________ ______ at the exit doors of the aircraft

A

Portable stairs

80
Q

If neither option 1 or 2 for aircraft rescue is available, an ______ ______ may be the next best option for performing rescues

A

Aerial device

81
Q

The surface of a wing is ________ during dry conditions

A

Slippery

82
Q

________ _______ are especially helpful in extinguishing hard-to-reach fires and cargo aircraft fires.

A

Piercing nozzles

83
Q

Aerial ladders with detachable ladder pipe nozzle.

Secure the hose to center of the ladder rungs with lashing every __ to __ ft

A

15 to 20ft

84
Q

When using the aerial ladder, the ______ rung of the ladder tip should be placed even with the windowsill

A

First

85
Q

An aerial device should not me moved and repositioned if it is being used an an _________ escape on a multistory incident

A

Emergency

86
Q

The twisting stresses imposed on the aerial device are _______ when the aerial device is positioned perpendicular to the objective

A

Reduced

87
Q

A _ section, aka two knuckle, articulating devices are especially effective at rescuing victims behind parapet walls

A

3

88
Q

____-___-_______ carry is the most difficult and most risky since the ff’er will only have 1 hand avl for stability while defending

A

Over the shoulder carry

89
Q

Moving victims down an aerial platform may be easier,but it is ______ and not suited for mass ___________ from a single point.

A

Slower

Evacuations

90
Q

It is recommended that fd’s ___________ the use of aerial apparatus for water rescue

A

Discourage

91
Q

BEST reason why fd’s should discourage the use of devices for water rescue, inability to _________ the _________

A

Inability to stabilize the apparatus

92
Q

An aerial device is not meant to be a _________ ram or forcible entry tool of any kind

A

Battering

93
Q

_______ are often used to place ff’ers on the roof or to provide access to upper story windows.

A

Aerials

94
Q

Before exiting the aerial device onto a roof, the ff’er should ______ it with a long forcible entry tool, such as a rubbish hook.

A

Sound

95
Q

When a defensive attack is employed, the risk of ________ ________ must be considered.

A

Building collapse

96
Q

Positioning an apparatus at a safe distance from the structure must be balanced with the distance of the fire stream reaching the ____ __ ___ ____

A

Seed of the fire

97
Q

It is important to ensure that any nozzles used in aerial operations are compatible with the _______________ designed waterway

A

Manufacturer’s

98
Q

When using an aerial device as a master stream close to ground level, the driver should position the apparatus so the turntable is directly __-____ with the target

A

In-line

99
Q

An aerial device may be used as a master stream device at ______ level

A

Ground

100
Q

Ensure that no ff’ers or victims are on the fire floor when ______ streams are being directed into the building (blitz attack)

A

Outside

101
Q

When elevated master streams are used in a blitz attack, they should only be flowed long enough to ______ ____ the fire.
_________ should be then advanced into the fire area for final extinguishment

A

Darken down

Hand lines

102
Q

The objective if a _________ attack is to contain the fire within a specified area.

A

Defensive

103
Q

Most commonly a _____ or _______ stream will be required to reach the seat of a fire

A

Solid or straight

104
Q

____ reduces the potential for fire spread

A

Rain

105
Q

Wind ________ the effects of radiated and convection heat transfer

A

Enhances

106
Q

In exposure protection ops, ___ ________ nozzle patterns are generally used to convert the involved area

A

Wide sweeping

107
Q

For evacuating off of a plane, all ladders should be positioned to the ____ of the entry doors

A

Aft (rear)

108
Q

Aerials can be used for _______ standpipes on ________ aircraft fires and providing platforms for forcible entry and mechanical ventilation. (PPV)

A

Elevated

Interior

Engineer (8 decks)

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