Chpt3 Flashcards
Ivan Pavlov is best known for his research on the…
psychic reflex
What fascinated Pavlov most about his salivating dogs was …
the dogs began to salivate before receiving food
Pavlov is best described as…
an experimenter from head to foot
The notation that best describes the Pavlovian procedure …
CS®US
Refer to Mr. Anxiety. In classical conditioning terms, John’s experience is an example of…
trace conditioning
Refer to Mr. Anxiety. A week later John bumps into Carole on campus, feels his face turn red and recalls with embarrassment their earlier encounter. Carole has become a…
CS for blushing
Refer to Mr. Anxiety. Oafish Bill (John’s twin brother) has heard nothing of John’s unfortunate encounter with Carole, and he decides to ask her out. Just as he approaches her she bursts into laughter, apparently in response to a joke someone just told. Bill immediately pops the question and she politely declines, having decided to join a convent at the end of the semester. A week later Bill bumps into Carole on campus but feels no particular embarrassment. The pairing of Bill’s request for a date and Carole’s laughter is most likely an example of…
backward conditioning
Each time a buzzer sounds, a puff of air makes a rabbit blink. Soon the rabbit blinks when it hears the buzzer. George believes that this means the buzzer takes the place of the air puff. George is an advocate of…
stimulus substitution theory
The equation, DVn = c (l - Vn - 1), is associated with the ____ of Pavlovian conditioning
Rescorla-Wagner model
Two students, Edward and Edwina, serve as subjects in a conditioning experiment. The CS is a buzzer; the US is a mild electric shock; the UR is a change in electrical conductivity called the Galvanic Skin Response. Both subjects undergo 50 trials, but the experimenter feels sorry for Edwina so periodically he lets her off without a shock. The results will indicate that ____.
A. the CR is stronger in Edward
the CR is stronger in Edward
In studying “psychic secretions,” Pavlov focused his attention on the ___
events in the dog’s environment
Pavlov called reflexes present at birth ___
unconditional
Pavlov became interested in psychic reflexes around ___
1900
An experimenter presents a flash of light and a bell simultaneously followed by food. Conditioning proceeds satisfactorily, but when the experimenter presents the light and bell separately, he finds that the bell is an effective CS, but the light is not. The experimenter has demonstrated ____.
A. counterconditioning
overshadowing
Pavlov said that the salivary glands behaved as though they had ____
intelligence
Pavlov’s main interest initially was ____
physiology
The word reflex is a synonym for ____
unconditional reflex
Of the following conditioning procedures, the one that is least like the others is ____
backward
When exposure to a stimulus prior to pairing with a US interferes with conditioning, the phenomenon is called ____
latent inhibition
The time between conditioning trials is called the ____
inter-trial interval
Braun and Geiselhart found that eyelid conditioning generally proceeded slowly with ___
older adults
If, following conditioning, a CS is repeatedly presented without the US, the procedure is called ____
extinction
Spontaneous recovery is associated with ____
extinction
The researcher who might have become known as the American Pavlov was ___
Edwin Twitmyer
__ said that Pavlov was one of the greatest geniuses of all time.
H. G. Wells
The author of your text uses the terms unconditional reflex and conditional reflex, but he notes that most authors use the terms ____ and ____ reflexes.
conditioned and unconditioned
Pavlovian conditioning is also called ____ conditioning.
classical
J. M. Graham and Claude Desjardins established the odor of ____ as a CS for sexual arousal in rats.
wintergreen
The experiment in which a dog learned to salivate at the sight of a black square after it had been paired with a CS for salivating is an example of ____ conditioning.
higher-order
One way to determine if conditioning has occurred is to present the CS alone. Each such presentation is called a/an ____ trial.
test
The rate of conditioning is affected by the degree to which the US is ____ the occurrence of the CS.
contingent on
In Pavlovian conditioning, contiguity usually refers to the ___
time between CS and US
A ____ stimulus is one that consists of two or more stimuli presented simultaneously.
compound
In general, the more intense a US, the ____.
faster conditioning proceeds
In so far as the rate of learning is concerned, the most important pairings of the CS and US are those that come ____.
at the beginning of training
Recent research suggests that poor conditioning in elderly people may signal the early stages of
Dementia
Many people think of scientists as dull people without feelings, but Pavlov said that science requires __
Supreme passion
___ stimuli are typically events that are important to survival.
Unconditional
Higher-order conditioning is probably most important to ____.
humans
In Pavlovian conditioning, ISI refers to ____.
inter-stimulus interval
The least effective conditioning procedure is ____.
Backward
Pavlov won the Nobel Prize for his research on conditioning.
False
Pavlov’s work paved the way for Darwin’s theory of evolution.
False
One way to test for the effects of conditioning is to use test trials.
True
If a CS is presented several times alone, and is then repeatedly paired with a US, conditioning proceeds more rapidly than if the CS had never been presented alone.
False
According to the Rescorla-Wagner model, blocking occurs because when the second (blocked) CS is presented, most of the learning that can occur has already been “used up” by the first CS.
True
A key feature of Pavlovian conditioning is that the CS and US appear together regardless of what the animal or person does.
True
The procedure of pairing a neutral stimulus with a well-established CS is called higher-order conditioning.
True
In general, the shorter the ISI, the faster conditioning proceeds.
True
The Rescorla-Wagner model has been very influential, but it does not explain latent inhibition.
True
