Chpt3

Question 1

Ivan Pavlov is best known for his research on the…

Answer 1

psychic reflex

Question 2

What fascinated Pavlov most about his salivating dogs was …

Answer 2

the dogs began to salivate before receiving food

Question 3

Pavlov is best described as…

Answer 3

an experimenter from head to foot

Question 4

The notation that best describes the Pavlovian procedure …

Answer 4

CS®US

Question 5

Refer to Mr. Anxiety. In classical conditioning terms, John’s experience is an example of…

Answer 5

trace conditioning

Question 6

Refer to Mr. Anxiety. A week later John bumps into Carole on campus, feels his face turn red and recalls with embarrassment their earlier encounter. Carole has become a…

Answer 6

CS for blushing

Question 7

Refer to Mr. Anxiety. Oafish Bill (John’s twin brother) has heard nothing of John’s unfortunate encounter with Carole, and he decides to ask her out. Just as he approaches her she bursts into laughter, apparently in response to a joke someone just told. Bill immediately pops the question and she politely declines, having decided to join a convent at the end of the semester. A week later Bill bumps into Carole on campus but feels no particular embarrassment. The pairing of Bill’s request for a date and Carole’s laughter is most likely an example of…

Answer 7

backward conditioning

Question 8

Each time a buzzer sounds, a puff of air makes a rabbit blink. Soon the rabbit blinks when it hears the buzzer. George believes that this means the buzzer takes the place of the air puff. George is an advocate of…

Answer 8

stimulus substitution theory

Question 9

The equation, DVn = c (l - Vn - 1), is associated with the ____ of Pavlovian conditioning

Answer 9

Rescorla-Wagner model

Question 10

Two students, Edward and Edwina, serve as subjects in a conditioning experiment. The CS is a buzzer; the US is a mild electric shock; the UR is a change in electrical conductivity called the Galvanic Skin Response. Both subjects undergo 50 trials, but the experimenter feels sorry for Edwina so periodically he lets her off without a shock. The results will indicate that ____.
A. the CR is stronger in Edward

Answer 10

the CR is stronger in Edward

Question 11

In studying “psychic secretions,” Pavlov focused his attention on the ___

Answer 11

events in the dog’s environment

Question 12

Pavlov called reflexes present at birth ___

Answer 12

unconditional

Question 13

Pavlov became interested in psychic reflexes around ___

Answer 13

1900

Question 14

An experimenter presents a flash of light and a bell simultaneously followed by food. Conditioning proceeds satisfactorily, but when the experimenter presents the light and bell separately, he finds that the bell is an effective CS, but the light is not. The experimenter has demonstrated ____.
A. counterconditioning

Answer 14

overshadowing

Question 15

Pavlov said that the salivary glands behaved as though they had ____

Answer 15

intelligence

Question 16

Pavlov’s main interest initially was ____

Answer 16

physiology

Question 17

The word reflex is a synonym for ____

Answer 17

unconditional reflex

Question 18

Of the following conditioning procedures, the one that is least like the others is ____

Answer 18

backward

Question 19

When exposure to a stimulus prior to pairing with a US interferes with conditioning, the phenomenon is called ____

Answer 19

latent inhibition

Question 20

The time between conditioning trials is called the ____

Answer 20

inter-trial interval

Question 21

Braun and Geiselhart found that eyelid conditioning generally proceeded slowly with ___

Answer 21

older adults

Question 22

If, following conditioning, a CS is repeatedly presented without the US, the procedure is called ____

Answer 22

extinction

Question 23

Spontaneous recovery is associated with ____

Answer 23

extinction

Question 24

The researcher who might have become known as the American Pavlov was ___

Answer 24

Edwin Twitmyer

Question 25

__ said that Pavlov was one of the greatest geniuses of all time.

Answer 25

H. G. Wells

Question 26

The author of your text uses the terms unconditional reflex and conditional reflex, but he notes that most authors use the terms ____ and ____ reflexes.

Answer 26

conditioned and unconditioned

Question 27

Pavlovian conditioning is also called ____ conditioning.

Answer 27

classical

Question 28

J. M. Graham and Claude Desjardins established the odor of ____ as a CS for sexual arousal in rats.

Answer 28

wintergreen

Question 29

The experiment in which a dog learned to salivate at the sight of a black square after it had been paired with a CS for salivating is an example of ____ conditioning.

Answer 29

higher-order

Question 30

One way to determine if conditioning has occurred is to present the CS alone. Each such presentation is called a/an ____ trial.

Answer 30

test

Question 31

The rate of conditioning is affected by the degree to which the US is ____ the occurrence of the CS.

Answer 31

contingent on

Question 32

In Pavlovian conditioning, contiguity usually refers to the ___

Answer 32

time between CS and US

Question 33

A ____ stimulus is one that consists of two or more stimuli presented simultaneously.

Answer 33

compound

Question 34

In general, the more intense a US, the ____.

Answer 34

faster conditioning proceeds

Question 35

In so far as the rate of learning is concerned, the most important pairings of the CS and US are those that come ____.

Answer 35

at the beginning of training

Question 36

Recent research suggests that poor conditioning in elderly people may signal the early stages of

Answer 36

Dementia

Question 37

Many people think of scientists as dull people without feelings, but Pavlov said that science requires __

Answer 37

Supreme passion

Question 38

___ stimuli are typically events that are important to survival.

Answer 38

Unconditional

Question 39

Higher-order conditioning is probably most important to ____.

Answer 39

humans

Question 40

In Pavlovian conditioning, ISI refers to ____.

Answer 40

inter-stimulus interval

Question 41

The least effective conditioning procedure is ____.

Answer 41

Backward

Question 42

Pavlov won the Nobel Prize for his research on conditioning.

Answer 42

False

Question 43

Pavlov’s work paved the way for Darwin’s theory of evolution.

Answer 43

False

Question 44

One way to test for the effects of conditioning is to use test trials.

Answer 44

True

Question 45

If a CS is presented several times alone, and is then repeatedly paired with a US, conditioning proceeds more rapidly than if the CS had never been presented alone.

Answer 45

False

Question 46

According to the Rescorla-Wagner model, blocking occurs because when the second (blocked) CS is presented, most of the learning that can occur has already been “used up” by the first CS.

Answer 46

True

Question 47

A key feature of Pavlovian conditioning is that the CS and US appear together regardless of what the animal or person does.

Answer 47

True

Question 48

The procedure of pairing a neutral stimulus with a well-established CS is called higher-order conditioning.

Answer 48

True

Question 49

In general, the shorter the ISI, the faster conditioning proceeds.

Answer 49

True

Question 50

The Rescorla-Wagner model has been very influential, but it does not explain latent inhibition.

Answer 50

True