Chpt 9, Genetics Flashcards
Genome
the sum total of genetic material carried within a cell
redundancy/degeneracy
A particular amino acid can be coded by more than one codon
Stop codons
UAG, UAA, UGA
Exons and Introns
Eukaryotic DNA segments
- Exons get translated into a protein
- Introns get spliced out and do not code
Inducible Operons
the Operon is turned on by the substrate of the enzyme for which the structural gene encodes
Repressible Operons
Several genes in series are turned off by the product synthesized by the enzyme
Operon
A section of DNA that contains one or more structural genes along with a corresponding operator gene that controls transcription
Excision repair
Mutations can be excised by a series of enzymes which remove the incorrect base and add the right one
Ames Test
Tests chemicals on bacterial DNA to see if it is it a mutagen on the premise that if it does mutate bacterial DNA it can mutate mammalian DNA
recombination
When one bacterium donates DNA to another bacterium; results in a new strain
Recombinant
any organism that has acquired genes that originated in another organism
Transformation
NOnspecific acceptance by a bacterial cell of small fragments of soluble DNA from the environment
Competent
Cells that are capable of accepting genetic material from through transformation
Do both Gram- Positive and Negative bacteria conjugate
Yes, they both conjugate but only gram-negative cells operate with a specialized plasmid called fertility (or F factor)
Transduction
The process by which a bacteriophage srves as the carrier of DNA from a donor cell into a recipient cell
