Chpt. 5, Electrons

Question 1

light

Answer 1

electromagnetic radiation; a type of wave

Question 2

wavelength

Answer 2

the distance from a point on a wave to the same point on the next wave; the symbol for wavelength is λ

Question 3

frequency

Answer 3

the number of wavelengths that oscillate in one second; the symbol for frequency is ν

Question 4

the speed of light

Answer 4

(3.00 x 108 m/s); this value of sometimes represented by the letter c

Question 5

the relationship between the speed, frequency, and wavelength of a wave

Answer 5

λν = c

Question 6

Planck’s constant

Answer 6

h is Planck‟s constant, 6.626 x 10-4 sec

Question 7

frequency, wavelength, and the energy of light (in Joules)

Answer 7

E = hν; the energy of light is related to its color

Question 8

line spectrum

Answer 8

the pattern of lines with different colors

Question 9

orbitals

Answer 9

the circular paths that electrons travel around the nucleus

Question 10

ground states

Answer 10

the lower energy orbitals that an electron can start in

Question 11

excited states

Answer 11

the higher energy orbitals that an electron can move up to

Question 12

how an electron moves up and down the orbitals:

Answer 12

1. it starts in a low energy state called the ground state
2. when energy is added, the electrons absorb it and jump to higher energy orbitals called excited states
3. eventually, the electron loses its energy and returns to the ground state
4. the energy that the electron loses is given off as light; the energy of the light that is given off is equal to the precise amount of energy that is needed to move up to the given orbital, and this precise energy corresponds to a specific line on the line spectrum
5. because there are many spectral orbitals, there are many spectral lines given off when the electron jumps back to the ground state from each excited state; the summation of all these lines is what we observe as the line spectrum

Question 13

the quantum numbers

Answer 13

principal quantum number (n)

angular momentum quantum number (l)

magnetic quantum number (m-subscript-1)

spin quantum number (m-subscript-2)

Question 14

principal quantum number (n)

Answer 14

determines the energies of the electrons in an atom; possible values are 1, 2, 3, etc

Question 15

angular momentum quantum number (l)

Answer 15

determines the type of orbital that the electrons are located in; possible values include, 0, 1, 2, 3, etc, up to and including n-1; for example, if n = 3, the values of L are 0, 1, and 2

the value l = 0 corresponds to an s-orbital
l = 1 corresponds to a p-orbital
1 = 2 corresponds to a d-orbital
1 = 3 corresponds to an f-orbital

Question 16

magnetic quantum number (m-subscript-l)

Answer 16

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Question 17

spin quantum number (m-subscript-s)

Answer 17

allows us to tell the difference between the electrons that reside in an orbital. The allowed values for ms are +1/2 and -1/2, suggesting that only two electrons can reside in one orbital at a time

Question 18

aufbau principle

Answer 18

electrons fill up lower energy orbitals first, and then start filling up the higher energy orbitals

Question 19

electron configuration

Answer 19

the list of the locations of all the electrons in an atom

Question 20

orbital filling diagrams

Answer 20

pictorial depictions of electron configuration