Chpt 4 The Age of Absolutism Flashcards
What was King Charles V king of?
Spain and was the Holy Roman Emperor
When Charles V abdicated the throne, who did he leave Spain to?
His brother, Phillip
What did Phillip ll reign as?
An absolute monarch with a divine right to rule
What did Charles V’s brother Ferdinand rule?
Holy Roman Empire
Who defeated the Ottomans at the Battle of Lepanto?
Catholic Spain and Italy
Who was the Ottoman ruler at the time?
Sulluman
Who declared independence?
Dutch protestants
Who plundered Spanish treasure ships from America?
Sir Francis Drake, “Sea Dog”
In 1588 Phillip sent an armada to invade where and lost?
England
Which fleets surpassed Spanish power?
Dutch, English, and French
Who painted religious images and noble portraits?
El Greco
Who wrote Europe’s first modern novel, Don Quixote?
Miguel de Cervantes
What is a Huguenot?
A french protestant of the 1500s & 1600s
What happened at St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre?
Thousands of Huguenots were killed
What granted religious freedom to protestants?
The Edict of Nantes
What Huguenot inherited the throne and converted to catholicism?
Henry IV of France
What Chief minister destroyed the power of the Huguenots and nobles?
Louis Xlll
Who is known as the sun king?
Louis XlV
Who resolved to take complete control of the government himself?
Louis XlV
What class did Louis XlV appoint to government jobs?
Middle class
Who imposed mercantilist policies to make France the wealthiest state in Europe?
Jean Baptiste - Colbert
Symbol of royal power:
Versailles
Who competed for the honor of participating in the levee (rising)?
Noblemen
How did Louis XIV deplete the national treasury?
By engaging in foreign wars
What did Louis XIV revoke?
Edict of Nantes
Who frequently turned to support from parliament?
Henry Vlll
Who consulted and controlled parliament?
Elizabeth l
Who/what did James l clash with?
Parliament and Puritans
Who signed the Petition of Rights, but then dissolved the Parliament?
Charles l
Who executed Charles l chief ministers?
Parliament
When did Charles summon Parliament again?
When Calvinist Scotts revolted
Who ordered troops to arrest radical leaders in the House of Commons?
Charles l
Who’s roundhead forces defeated the royal Cavalier’s troops?
Oliver Cromwell
Who sentenced Charles l to be executed, proclaiming that no ruler can ignore the law?
Parliament
Who called for representation for the poor and women?
The Levellers
Who took the title of Lord Protector and ruled as a dictator?
Cromwell
What was the Puritan’s goal?
To root out godlessness
What did Puritans encourage?
Education to spread religious knowledge
Who did the new parliament invite to return to England and restore the monarchy?
Charles ll
Who practiced catholicism openly?
James ll
Who was replaced in a bloodless overthrow, known as the Glorius Revolution?
James ll
Who accepted the superiority of Parliament, habeas corpus, and trial by jury?
William and Mary
What did the acceptance of the superiority of the Parliament establish?
Limited monarchy
Who were believed to be the natural ruling class?
Landowners
Who were the Tudors?
Henry Vlll
Edward Vl
Mary
Elizabeth l
What did Britain become?
An oligarchy
Who defeated the Bohemians?
The Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand l
Who destroyed villages and crops, leading to depopulation?
Mercenaries
Who accepted the total independence of all princes?
The Hapsburgs
Who could not force Fredrick ll out of Silesia, but she reorganized bureaucracy and tax collection?
Maria Thersa
Who gained the loyalty of Junkers?
Fredrick William l
Who sparked the War of Austrian Succession?
Fredrick the Great (Fredrick William I)
Who fought for control of German states?
Prussia and Austria
Britain and France competed for what?
Oversea Empires
Who adopted a policy of Westernization to incorporate Western ideas, technology, and culture into Russia?
Peter the Great
Who ruled as an autocrat?
Peter the Great
Who did Peter the Great become the head of?
Russian Orthodox Church
Who did Peter the Great force to serve the state?
Boyars
Who retained serfs on their land?
Nobles
Who adopted mercantilist policies and executed those who resisted?
Peter the Great
What became the new capital on land won from Sweden?
St. Petersburg
Where did Peter the Great send explorers?
Across the Bering Straight
Who embraced Western ideas but made conditions for serfs grow worse?
Cathrine the Great
Who won a warm-water port from the Ottoman Empire?
Russia
What was partitioned between Russia, Prussia, and Austria?
Poland
A form of government in which a ruler has complete authority over the government & lives of the people he/she governs
Absolute monarchy
Fleet of ships
Armada
Having unlimited power
Autocratic
Distribution of military & economic power that prevents any one nation from becoming too strong
Balance of power
Landowning noble in Russia under the tsars
Boyars
A government whose power is defined & limited by law
Constitutional government
Idea that a ruler’s authority came directly from God
Divine right
Law issued by French king Henry IV in 1598 giving more religious freedom to French protestants
Edict of Nantes
Series of acts passed in 1689 by the English Parliament limited the rights of the monarchy & ensured the superiority of the Parliament
English Bill of Rights
Morning ritual during which nobles would wait upon French king Louis XIV
Levee
A division into pieces
Partition
royal French residence & seat of government by King Luis XIV
Versailles
Series of wars where various European nations competed for power in Central Europe after the death of Hapsburg emperor Charles VI
War of the Austrian Succession
Port that is free of ice year-round
Warm-water port
