Chpt 3 The New World Flashcards
What group of people did Columbus’s men seize?
The Taino People
What did the Taino people pay to Columbus’s men
A tribute of gold
What did the Conquistadors bring to the Americas?
Superior weapons and horses
What diseases did Native Americans have no immunity to?
Smallpox, measles, and influenza
How much did the Native American population decline from disease?
90%
Where did Herman Cortes march to?
Tenochtitlan
Who translated and advised Cortes to ally with conquered tribes
Malinche
Who thought Cortes might be a god
Moctezuma
Why did the Spanish imprison Moctezuma?
To gain control of the Aztec people and riches
What did the Spanish do to the Aztec religion?
Scorn it
In what year did the Spanish attack Moctezuma/the Aztecs again?
1521
Who took over Peru
Pizarro
Who did Pizarro kill?
Atahualpa and thousands of Inca
Who was Pizarro killed by?
Ritual Spanish Faction
With American wealth what did Spain become?
Europe’s Greatest Power
How many Native Americans were conquered?
Millions
Who ruled colonies in the Spanish Empire?
Viceroys and Audiences
Who baptized Native Americans?
Missionaries
What system did the Conquistadors to force Native Americans to work in sugar plantations and silver mines?
Encomienda
Who reported the horrors of the encomienda system?
Bartholome de Las Casas
What did Native Americans become known as?
Peons
In 1542 what law did Spain pass?
The New Laws of the Indies (“Banned Slaves”)
What did settlers in Brazil cut and export
Brazilwood
What did Dutch, English, and French privateers attack?
Treasure ships
Who traveled inland along the St. Lawrence River to claim present-day Canada?
Jacque Cartier
What did Jaques Cartier name Canada?
New France
Who established Quebec?
Samuel de Champlain
What was the first French settlement in 1608?
Quebec
On what profitable trade did prices soar?
Fur
The Quebec population remained what compared to the English colonies?
Small
Who was the French king in 1608?
King Louis XIV
What are the three G’s?
God, Gold, and Glory
When was the first permanent settlement at Jamestown?
1607
What was the first English settlement in the New World?
Roanoke
Where did pilgrims settle?
Plymouth, Massachusetts
What compact did Pilgrims seeking religious freedom sign?
The Mayflower Compact
What was the Mayflower Compact step toward?
Self-government
What religion were the Pilgrims?
Puritans
What did the British colonists not find like the Spanish?
Gold & Silver
What people had royal governors overseeing colonial affairs but also self-governed?
The English Colonists
In what year did the American Revolution end?
1776
What did European nations fight to acquire?
Sugar-producing colonies in the Caribbean
What war did the 1763 Treaty of Paris end?
The French and Indian War aka 7 Year’s War
What did the Treaty of Paris give France and Britain?
France ceded Canada and lands east of the Mississippi River to Britain
Where did the triangular trade across the Atlantic begin?
The Spanish Empire
European manufactured goods went where?
Africa
The Middle Passage took slaves to where?
America
American raw material went where?
Europe
Most Africans were taken from where?
Inland African villages
What were African slaves bound with?
Ropes and chains
Who was taken from Nigeria as a boy and transported to the Americas as a slave?
Olaudah Equiano
Hundreds of slaves were packed where in chains for months?
Below deck of the “floating coffins”
What killed half of the Africans on the middle passage?
Diseases
What provided wealth to traders and labor to plantation owners?
The Atlantic Slave trade/slaves
What happened to African societies?
They were torn apart
The Global exchange of goods, ideas, plants, animals, and disease between the Old World and the New World (Named for/from Columbus)
Columbian Exchange
What were New World exports?
Corn and Potatoes
What were Old World exports?
Cattle, horses, wheat, and disease
What happened during the Price Revolution in Europe?
Inflation
What expanded trade and spurred capitalism?
Inflation
Who assumed the risk of doing business?
Entrepreneurs
The new business class created wealth in what?
Banks and Stock Companies
The Cottage Industry separated what?
Capital and Labor
What did tariffs do
Protected local colonial industries
National Governments regulated what with their colonies?
Trade
What was society divided into?
Social Classes
No buying from where?
Other countries
