Chp 9 Ground Water

Question 1

Where is groundwater found?

Answer 1

It lies beneath the ground surface, It is found in the pores of soil, sdeiment and narrow fractures in the bedrock.

Question 2

What is the largest freshwater source availbe to humans?

Answer 2

Groundwater

Question 3

What are the processes involved in the hydrological cycle?

Answer 3

• Evaporation
• Trasnpiration
• Run-off
• Inflitration
• Precipiaton

Question 4

What is the saturated zone?

Answer 4

It is the subsuface zone in which all rock openings are filled with water.

Question 5

What is the water table?

Answer 5

It is the upper limit of the saturated zone.
Most rivers and lakes have their water levels at the level of the water table.

Question 6

What is the Unsaturated Zone?

Answer 6

It is the zone above the water table

Question 7

Perched water table

Answer 7

It is a layer above and seperated from the main water table.

It is produced by a layer of imperable rock within permeable rocks.

Question 8

Porosity

Answer 8

The percentage of rock or sediment that consists of void or openining.

Question 9

Permeability

Answer 9

The capacity of a rock to trans it fluid through pores and fractures.

Question 10

Which rocks are permeable and porus?

Answer 10

SandStone, and Congolmorate.

Question 11

Which rocks are unpermeable?

Answer 11

LimeStone, granites and schist.

Question 12

What is an acquirer?

Answer 12

A body of saturated rock or sediment through which water can move easily.

They have 2 properties:
- Saturated
- Transmit fluids

Question 13

What are the types of Aquifers?

Answer 13

• unconfined: Has a water table and is only partly filled.
• confined: completely filled with water under pressure and is usually separated from the surface by a layer of impermeable rock.

Question 14

What is an Aquitard?

Answer 14

It is rock or sediment that retards groundwater flow due to porosity and/or permeability.

Question 15

What is a well?

Answer 15

A well is a deep hole dug or drilled in the ground to obtain water from an acquifer.

Question 16

How does zone of saturation form?

Answer 16

Water reachesa zone where all of the pen spaces in the sediment and rock are completely filled with water.

Water within the pores is called ground water.

Question 17

Describe the movement of groundwater.

Answer 17

The movement of ground water through the pores and fractures is very slow, (cm to meters per day)

Question 18

What does the flow velocity depend on?

Answer 18

It depends on theL
- slop
- permeability of the rock or sediment.

Question 20

What is an Artesian well?

Answer 20

It is a well digged into a confined aquifer. The pressure is due to the water being in a confine between impermeable layers of rock. Thus the water often comes from Artesian wells with out the needs to pump it out.