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Psych2550A - Personality > Chp 9 - Existential and Humanistic Psychology > Flashcards

Chp 9 - Existential and Humanistic Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Existential and Humanistic Psychology (main ideas) (5)

A

*Personal responsibility
*Focus on the present
*Personal growth
*Holistic view of person
*Reaction against Freud and Behaviourism

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2
Q

Humanistic and Existential Approaches (3) Prominent Figures

A

Erich Fromm

  • We are alienated from our self, others

Rollo May

  • Anxiety is triggered by a threat to the core values of existence

Victor Frankl

  • Importance of personal choice
  • Search for meaning
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3
Q

Figures Establishing humanistic (2)

A

Carl Rogers

  • Clinical psych

Abraham Maslow

  • Theory of motivation
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4
Q

Carl Rogers: Humanistic Psychology (3)

A
  • People are free to exert control over their own life, motivation to grow and mature
  • People will, if allowed, work to become healthy and well adjusted, to experience life to the fullest
  • To become a fully functioning person
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5
Q

the Self (Carl Rogers) (3)

A

Need for:

  • Self-consistency (All aspects of self are consistent)
  • Congruence (Consistency between real self and ideal self)

Problems arise if self-concept experience not consistent.

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6
Q

Congruence (Carl Rogers) (3)

A

For a fully functioning person:

  • real self and ideal self match; can accept and act on reality without denial or distortion.

If there is a mismatch:

  • distort or deny experience in attempt to make real self and ideal self align.
  • The poorer the match between real self and ideal self, the poorer the adjustment, psychological health.
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7
Q

Unconditional Positive Regard (3)

A

Healthy development depends on unconditional positive regard.

  • the basic acceptance and support of a person regardless of what the person says or does, especially in the context of client-centred therapy
  • Psychologist must show unconditional positive regard for client, or else it will not succeed

Children come to think of themselves as “good” or “bad”.

Healthy developmental depends on unconditional positive regard

Bad girl? Or Good girl but bad activity?

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8
Q

Actualizing tendency

A

“the urge to expand, extend, develop, mature … to express and activate all the capacities of the organism”
Rogers, 1961

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9
Q

The Fully Functioning Person (5)

A
  • Openness to Experience
  • Existential Living
  • Organismic Trusting
  • Experiential Freedom
  • Creativity
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10
Q

Openness to Experience (The Fully Functioning Person) (2)

A

Accurately perceives events, tolerates ambiguity

Diff from OCEAN

in humanistic:

  • this openness is changeable, and we become more and more open through out the life
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11
Q

Existential Living (The Fully Functioning Person) (3)

A

“to live each moment fully” (Rogers, 1961);

  • self as fluid, adaptable;
  • experience as constantly changing, dynamic
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12
Q

Organismic Trusting (The Fully Functioning Person)

A

Relies on inner experience, on the organismic valuing process
(do what feels right)

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13
Q

Experiential Freedom (The Fully Functioning Person) (2)

A
  • Free each moment to chose
  • To grow, have to be present in the moment
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14
Q

Creativity (The Fully Functioning Person)

A

Adaptable and creative in how they live; finding new ways to experience life.

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15
Q

Abraham Maslow: Humanistic Psychology (3)

A
  • Hierarchy of needs;
  • Self-actualization;
  • Health as more than the absence of disorders
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16
Q

Theory of motivation and personality rests
on assumptions (Maslow) (5)

A

1) Holistic approach to person

2) Motivation is complex, Behaviour may have multiple motivations:
- Sexual behaviour: physiological, companionship, love, dominance, dependence
- Desire to succeed: dominance, power, financial security, self-worth, ideals…

3) People are continually motivated by one need or another

  • When one need met, next need motivates

4) Basic needs are universal

  • The manner in which needs met culturally determined, but fundamental needs universal

5) Needs can be arranged hierarchically.

17
Q

Hierarchy of Needs (8) (Maslow)

A

Deficiency Needs:
Physiological > Safety > Belongingness > Esteem
Penis should be enormous

Growth Needs: (needs to have deficiency fulfilled first)
Cognitive > Aesthetic > Self-actualization > Transendence (Spiritual)

cock as should too

18
Q

Characteristics of a self-actualized person (7) (Maslow)
EASPSAF
Eagerly, Annie speaks persuasive shit at Frank

A

Efficient Perception of Reality

  • Accurate perception of self and external events; not threatened by the unknown

Acceptance

  • Accepting and tolerant of others and of self

Spontaneity

  • Behave naturally, in accordance with self, not external norms and expectation

Problem Centered

  • not self-centred
  • Not doubtful of self
  • Can work on external issues

Solitude

  • Need for and enjoyment of privacy, not shyness

Autonomy

  • Self-sufficient, not dependent

Freshness of Appreciation

  • Awe and wonder at life
19
Q

Peak Experiences (Maslow) (3)

A
  • Capacity for mystical experience,
  • But not all self-actualised people have peak experiences (“peakers and non-peakers”)
  • May be experienced by those who are not fully self-actualised
20
Q

Self-actualization (Maslow) (3) thwarted by:

A

Similar to roger’s actualizing tendency

Thwarted by:

1) Deficiency needs not met;

2) Attraction of safety;
- If we expect failure, we don’t try
- Low self-efficacy

3) Lack of self-confidence.

  • If we expect failure, we don’t try
  • Low self-efficacy
21
Q

Positive Psychology
(Martin Seligman) (3)

A

Psychology should be:

  1. As concerned with strength as with weakness
  2. As interested in building the best things in life as in repairing the worst
  3. As concerned with making the lives of normal people fulfilling and with nurturing high talent as with healing pathology.
22
Q

Two Perspectives on Happiness (2)

A

Hedonia: pleasure and pain

Eudaimonia: meaning, engagement, contentment/life satisfaction, living as a fully functioning person

23
Q

Happiness and Health (3) Accessed 3 broad disease categories:

A
  1. hypertension,
  2. diabetes,
  3. respiratory tract infections.

= happiness reduced risk for all

1000 patients

Positive emotions, SWB (subjective well-being), anxiety, and anger tracked over 2 years (Richmond et al., 2005)

24
Q

What makes us happy (but not really) (4)

A

American Paradox

  • High societal wealth, but high alienation, poor psychological health, poor life satisfaction

Financial Situation

  • Threshold, but data inconsistent

Life changes

  • Immediate but habituate to both positive and negative changes

Yes ppl lvl of happy increase when income increase

  • Only until the level of fulfilment, above is in plateau
25
Q

Volunteering (5)

A

↑ Happiness
↑ Life satisfaction
↑ Self-esteem
↑ Mood
↑ Physical health

No vol
Vol- Worship
Vol- Secular (not worship)

5 years intervals, n= 3k
20’s to 70
Controllled for age, income, marital. Employment, phy health…

26
Q

Spend Time with others (2)

A

Research consistently shows the importance of relationships:

  • Happier, healthier.
  • Quality, not the number.

Much of what we enjoy, we enjoy because of others.

Despite activities like reading books being solidarity, we get joy from discussing

27
Q

Subjective Well-being (SWB)

A
  • What individuals think of their own level of happiness, life satisfaction, I.e., how we evaluate our lives
  • Tends to be stable over time
28
Q

Positive Psychology: PERMA (5)

A
  1. Positive emotion and pleasure (Pleasant Life)
  • Positive emotional experience, and learning to savour it, heritable, habituation
  • Habituation might be able to countered by amplifying pleasure
  1. Engagement in life (Flow, the good life)
    (Overlaps with Maslow’s Peak experience)
  • Commitment, focus, full involvement, feeling fully immersed, time stops, signature strengths
  1. Relationships
  • Ties to family, friends, community
  1. Meaningful Life
  • Sense of meaning, purpose, signature strength in service of something larger than oneself
  1. Accomplishment
  • Setting and attaining goals
  • Attainable but challenging
29
Q

3 “happy” lives

A

The pleasant life (PA)

  • Have as many pleasures as possible
  • Learning the skills to amplify them

But is
Heritable
Habituates (become less happy)

The good life

  • Pleasure vs. Flow
  • Can’t feel anything, intense concentration
  • Knowing what you highest strengths are
  • Recrafting work, life, play
  • Derive and flow

Meaningful life

  • Know what your signature strengths are

Psych2550A - Personality (12 decks)

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