Chp 9: Emotion Flashcards
NMDA RECEPTOR + GLUTAMATE COMMUNICATION (6)
- Hot, wet tears, emotional outburst
- Buoyant happiness
- Hot tears, humiliated, on display
- Perilous happiness
- Hysterics
- Emotion would blaze
Major features of Emotional experiences (5)
Psychophysiological
Dimensionality / affect
Facial expressions , postures, movements
Self-report cognition
Intuition
Psychophysiological (5)
- Automatic Nervous Systerm
- Sympathetic/ parasympathetic outputs
- How it responds
- heart rate, respiration
- Fingerprints but has disagreement
Dimensionality / affect
- Valence (positive to negative scale)
- Arousal (excited to sleepy)
Facial expressions , postures, movements
Some argue that there is one expression for one mood
Self-report cognition
Are you angry? Sad?
Put a label
Intuition (4)
Your body has a record of previous experiences and guide your decision
- “follow your heart”
- May not have a conscious decision
Patient EP: hippocampal amnesiac
- Doesn’t have ability to create new autobiographic memory
- Do you recognise researchers?
- Yes and no, but intuitively lets them in door quicker
2 different 8 basic emotions
8 basic emotions by Robert Plutchik
- A higher or lower valence
- Emotions are mixture of the basic 8s
Basic categorisation of Paul Ekman
- 8 basic emotions
Associated conceptions on basic emotions (5)
- Universal on basic emotions
- Adaptive, evolutionary to survive and reproduce
- Innate
- Hard-wired circuits
- fear: amygdala
How emotional processes occur in brain: classical views of emotions
- Common sense
- James-Lange
- Cannon-Bard
- Schacter
All has stimulus, conscious feeling, and automatic arousal
Fear conditioning - Joseph Ledoux Classical Views - Circuits
Pair the foot shock with conditioned stimulus
Fear (conditioned response)
When lesion amygdala: fear (2)
Can no longer condition rat to have fear
Suggest importance for fear conditioning
Amygdala (4) the parts in it
Not a homegenuous structure
Ce
- Central nucleus
CM
- Corticomedial
BL
- Basolateral nucleus
How info moves through the amygdala nucleus (5)
Sensory information is processed into temporal lobes and amygdala and coming in from the basal nucleus
- Afferent input into the amygdala is the basolateral nucleus
Processing in corticomedial nucleus (medial/ accessory basal nucleus)
- Efferent information leaves via the central nucleus
Info leaves amygdala through Ce and to the hypothalamus, midbrain, pons, medulla, effect automatic nervous system
Patient SM (4)
Urbach-Wieth disease
- Calcification of amygdala bilaterally
- Renders the amygdala, non-functioning
- Report lack of feeling of fear
Klüver-Bucy Syndrome – 1939 (6)
Results from bilateral removal of the amygdala and inferior temporal cortex
- Tameness and loss of fear
- Indiscriminate dietary behavior
- Autoerotic, homosexual, and heterosexual activity (change sexuality)
- Hypermetamorphosis
- Examination of objects by mouth
- Visual agnosia
Hypermetamorphosis
An exaggerated visible exploration of objects
Klüver-Bucy Syndrome Case Study
Hypersexuality after a 2nd right temporal lobectomy to treat epilepsy
- Increased marital intercourse, masturbation, later downloaded child porn
- Hyperphagia and distractability
- Imprisoned
Eliciting fear in those with bilateral amygdala damage
Able to elicit fear and panic attacks in patients who have bilateral amygdala damage by feelings of suffocation and inability to breathe
Fear lives in the amygdala? (2)
- Amygdala also shows activation during experiences other fear
- In humans other brain regions are also activated during fear experiences (Antonio Damasio et al. 2000)
Renaming fear conditioning (2)
Joseph LeDoux proposes:
Threat conditioning:
- The process whereby a stimulus that was not assessed as threatening becomes so
Defense response complex
- Autonomic nervous system and hormonal responses that ready the body to respond to the threat
Do not know if rats are actually fear processing
Localisation views: Instead of amygdala (4)
Sham rage: inappropriate, overly aggressive responses
- Need for posterior hypothalamus to be intact to express sham rage
- Aggression localised in posterior hypothalamus
Prefrontal cortex
- Impulse control
- Phineas gage
When different emotions are elicited…
multiple regions overlap
- away from localist view
Lisa Feldman Barret: Theory of constructed emotion
Predictions:
- How the brain works all the time are more effective than reactions
- Effortless and automatic
- Constructed at very short and very long time scales across the whole body
- Combine to create your simulation of the world
- Basis of all your experiences and all your actions
Affect/mood
- Your mood influences how you see
- More basic than emotion
- Body Budgeting
- Valance
- Arousal
- Why do you see what you feel?
- Brain is using predictions which become what you see to make sense of your affect
- Eg. Stomach ache +lunch = hungry
Concepts
- Different cultures draw lines on a rainbow at different places, despite rainbows being a continuum
- Expertise can cause different categorisation
- Words play essential role in concepts
- When your brain is making a slew of predictions about what this (e.g. a dandelion might be like, it’s creating a concept
