Chp 9 Drug Admin

Question 1

enteral administration

Answer 1

involves the esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines (i.e., the gastrointestinal tract). Methods of administration include oral, sublingual (dissolving the drug under the tongue), and rectal. Parenteral routes, which do not involve the gastrointestinal.

Question 2

how do you administer sublingual medications?

Answer 2

dissolved under the tongue without water; no swallowing until fully dissolved

Question 3

how do you administer buccal medications?

Answer 3

dissolve between the upper or lower molars and cheek without water; no swallowing until fully dissolved

Question 4

how are orally disintegrating medications administered?

Answer 4

dissolve in the mouth without water on the tongue, not under the tongue

Question 5

What are some considerations when administering liquid medications?

Answer 5

• pour liquid is that the base of the meniscus is even with the appropriate line measurement
• doses less than 5 mL need to be measured using an oral syringe

Question 6

nasogastric intubation

Answer 6

a thin tube is placed through your nose into your stomach.

Question 7

gastrostomy tube

Answer 7

(G-tube) is a tube inserted through the abdomen that delivers nutrition directly to the stomach.

Question 8

How to administer drugs via nasogastric or gastrostomy tubes:

Answer 8

• elevate patients head and leave elevated for 30 minutes afterwards
• assess whether fluid restriction or fluid overload is a concern as water is needed to flush the tube after
• check to see if it is recommended that a drug be given on an empty or full stomach
• give liquid form of drugs whenever possible to avoid clogging the tube
• dilute a crushed tablet or liquid medication in 15 -30 mL of warm water
• raise tube so that the medication flows by the force of gravity rather than forced by the syringe
• after dose, flush tube with 30 mL of warm water and then clamp the tube until it is appropriate to resume feeding.

Question 9

How to administer rectal drugs:

Answer 9

• check for rectal bleeding or diarrhea
• never divide suppositories
• position patient on left side with uppermost leg flexed toward the waist (Sim’s position)
• do not insert the suppository into stool.
• insert at least 1 inch beyond the internal sphincter
• have patient remain lying on his or her left side for 15-20 minutes to allow absorption

Question 10

Parenteral drugs

Answer 10

any non-oral means of administration, but is generally interpreted as relating to injecting directly into the body, bypassing the skin and mucous membranes. The common parenteral routes are intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC) and intravenous (IV).

Question 11

filter needle

Answer 11

used when withdrawing medication form an ampule to help remove tiny glass particles that may result from the ampule breakage. DO NOT USE A FILTER NEEDLE TO INJECT A PATIENT

Question 12

Intramuscular (IM) injection

Answer 12

deposits drug deep into muscle tissue where the drug is absorbed through blood vessels within the muscle

Question 13

What angle should you hold the needle for a intramuscular injection?

Answer 13

90 degrees

Question 14

Subcutaneous (subcut) injection

Answer 14

deposits the drug into loose connective tissue under the dermis

Question 15

What angle should you hold the needle for a subcutaneous injection?

Answer 15

45 or 90 degrees

Question 16

Intradermal (ID) injection

Answer 16

given into the outer layers of the dermis in very small amounts

Question 17

What angle should you hold the needle for a intradermal injection?

Answer 17

5-15 degrees

Question 18

Which type of injection has the highest rate of absorption - intramuscular or subcutaneous?

Answer 18

intramuscular is slower than intravenous but faster than subcutaneous

Question 19

What is the air-lock technique?

Answer 19

After withdrawing the desired amount of medication into the syringe, withdraw an additional 0.2 mL of air. Inject at a 90 angle. The small air bubble that follows the medication helps prevent the medication from leaking through the needle track into the subcutaneous tissue.

Question 20

When drawing up two different types of insulin into the same syringe which is drawn up first?

Answer 20

always draw up the rapid-acting or short-acting (clear) insulin into the syringe first

Question 21

What are the four sites for intamuscular injections?

Answer 21

1. ventrogluteal site (preferred) - outer hip/buttocks
2. vastus lateralis site - outer thigh
3. deltoid site - outer arm/shoulder
4. dorsogluteal site (not recommended)

Question 22

Z-track method

Answer 22

injection technique that forms a z-shaped track in the tissue that prevents the mediation form leaking through the more sensitive subcutaneous tissue from the muscle sit of injections