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Pharmacology > Chp 19 Adrenergic-Blocking Drugs > Flashcards

Chp 19 Adrenergic-Blocking Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

How do adrenergic blockers work?

A

by binding to adrenergic receptors and inhibiting or blocking stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. (opposite effect of adrenergic drugs)

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2
Q

What are adrenergic blockers also known as?

A

Adrenergic antagonists
sympatholytics
Alpha blockers, beta blockers, or alpha-beta blockers

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3
Q

How are adrenergic blockers classified?

A

by the type of adrenergic receptor they block (alpha1 and alpha2 receptors; beta1 and beta2 receptors)

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4
Q

What are the effects of alpha blockers?

A

they cause both arterial and venous dilation, reducing peripheral vascular resistance and BP.

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5
Q

What are alpha blockers used to treat?

A
  • hypertension
  • hyperplasia
  • hypertension in patients with pheochromocytoma
  • counteracting the effects of injected epinephrine and norepinephrine
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6
Q

What drug is used to counteract the effects of injected epinephrine and norepinephrine and how does it work?

A

Phentolamine - restores blood flow and prevents tissue necrosis

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7
Q

pheochromocytoma

A

a rare, usually noncancerous (benign) tumor that develops in an adrenal gland. Usually, this type of tumor affects one of your two adrenal glands, but it can affect both.

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8
Q

How does phentolamine work to diagnose the presence of pheochromocytoma?

A

A single IV dose of phentolamine is given to the hypertensive patient. If the blood pressure declines rapidly, it is highly likely that the patient has a pheochromocytoma.

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9
Q

What are some adverse effects alpha blockers can have on the cardiovascular system?

A

palpitations, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, edema, chest pain

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10
Q

What are some adverse effects alpha blockers can have on the CNS?

A

dizziness, headache, anxiety, depression, weakness, numbness, fatigue

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11
Q

What are some adverse effects alpha blockers can have on the gastrointestinal system?

A

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain

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12
Q

What are some common alpha blockers?

A 
phenoxybenzamine (Dibenzyline)
phentolamine (Regitine)
prazosin (Minipress)
terazosin (Hytrin)
alfuzosin (UroXatral)
tamsulosin (Flomax)
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13
Q

What do beta blockers do and how do they do it?

A

block stimulation of beta receptors in the SNS by competing with norepinephrine and epinephrine.

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14
Q

What are beta blockers called that are selective for beta1-adrenergic receptors that are primarily located in the heart called?

A

Selective blockers - cardioselective beta blockers or beta1-blocking drugs.

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15
Q

What are beta blockers called that block both beta1 and beta2-adrenergic receptors called

A

Nonselective blockers

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16
Q

What are the outcomes of cardioselective beta blockers?

A
  • reduced SNS stimulation of the heart
  • decrease heart rate
  • prolong sinoatrial (SA) node recovery
  • slow conduction rate through the AV node
  • decrease myocardial contractility, thus reducing myocardial oxygen demant
17
Q

What are the outcomes of nonselective beta blockers?

A
  • cause same effects on heart as cardioselective beta blockers
  • constrict bronchioles, resulting in narrowing of airways and shortness of breath
  • produce vasoconstriction of blood vessels
18
Q

What are beta blockers used for?

A
  • Angina: decreases the demand for myocardial oxygen
  • Cardioprotective: inhibits stimulation from circulating catecholamines
  • Dysrhythmias
  • Migraine headache: lipophilicity allows entry into CNS
  • Antihypertensive
  • Heart failure
  • Glaucoma (topical use)
19
Q

What is the purpose of the beta blocker metoprolol (Lopressor)?

A

to inhibit stimulation of the myocardium by circulating catecholamines

20
Q

Nonselective beta blockers may interfere with normal responses to what?

A

hypoglycemia - may mask signs and symptoms such as tremor, tachycardia, nervousness.

21
Q

Why are nonselective beta blockers life threatening in patients with asthma?

A

they may cause bronchoconstriction

22
Q

What should a nurse assess a patient for prior to beginning adrenergic-blocking drugs?

A

allergies and history of COPD, hypotension, cardiac dysrhythmias, bradycardia, heart failure, or other cardiovascular problems.

23
Q

What conditions might adrenergic blocking drugs precipitate?

A
  • Alpha blockers may precipitate hypotension

- Beta blockers may precipitate bradycardia, hypotension, heart block, heart failure, ad bronchoconstriction

24
Q

What OTC meds might interact with adrenergic blocking drugs?

A 
Antacids
Antimuscarinics/anticholinergics
Diruretics and cardiovascular drugs
Neuromuscular blocking drugs
Oral hypoglycemic drugs
25
Q

What are some of the therapeutic effects patents taking adrenergic blocking drugs should be monitored for?

A
  • decreased chest pain in patients with angina

- return to normal BP and HR

26
Q

What should patients who are taking beta blocking drugs report to their physician?

A
  • weight gain of more than 2 pounds in 1 day or 5 pounds in 1 week
  • Edema of the feet or ankles
  • shortness of breath
  • excessive fatigue or weakness
  • syncope or dizziness

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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