Chp. 8: Skeleton Overview

Question 1

Skeleton

Answer 1

Body’s framework; composed of cartilage and bone

Question 2

Red marrow cavities of bones

Answer 2

site for hematopoiesis (blood cell formation)

Question 3

Articular cartilages

Answer 3

cover the bone at ends of moveable joints

Question 4

Costal cartilages

Answer 4

connect the ribs to the sternum

Question 5

Laryngeal cartilages

Answer 5

largely construct the larynx

Question 6

Tracheal/ bronchial cartilages

Answer 6

reinforce other passageways of the respiratory system

Question 7

Nasal cartilages

Answer 7

support the external nose

Question 8

Intervertebral discs

Answer 8

separate and cushion the vertebrae

Question 9

Tuberosity

Answer 9

Large rounded projection; may be roughened

Question 10

Crest

Answer 10

Narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent

Question 11

Trochanter

Answer 11

Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process

Question 12

Line

Answer 12

Narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest

Question 13

Tubercle

Answer 13

Small rounded projection or process

Question 14

Epicondyle

Answer 14

Raised area on or above a condyle

Question 15

Spine

Answer 15

Sharp, slender, often pointed projection

Question 16

Process

Answer 16

Any bony prominence

Question 17

Head

Answer 17

Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

Question 18

Facet

Answer 18

Smooth, nearly flat articular surface

Question 19

Condyle

Answer 19

Rounded articular projection

Question 20

Ramus

Answer 20

Armlike bar of bone

Question 21

Groove

Answer 21

Furrow

Question 22

Fissure

Answer 22

Narrow, slitlike opening

Question 23

Foramen

Answer 23

Round or oval opening through a bone

Question 24

Notch

Answer 24

Indentation at the edge of a structure

Question 25

Meatus

Answer 25

Canal-like passageway

Question 26

Sinus

Answer 26

Bone cavity, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

Question 27

Fossa

Answer 27

Shallow basin-like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface

Question 28

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 28

provides sturdy support with some flexibility; composes most skeletal cartilages

Question 29

Elastic cartilage

Answer 29

much more flexible than hyaline cartilage, and tolerates bending. Only in external ear and epiglottis

Question 30

Fibrocartilage

Answer 30

consists of rows of chondrocytes, alternating with rows of thick collagen fibers. Has great tensile strength and can withstand heavy compression; composes intervertebral discs and knee joint cartilage.

Question 31

Compact bone

Answer 31

smooth and homogenous

Question 32

Spongy (cancellous) bone

Answer 32

composed of small trabeculae (columns) of bone and lots of open space

Question 33

4 types of bones

Answer 33

Long, short, flat, irregular

Question 34

Sesamoid bones

Answer 34

special types of short bones formed within tendons (kneecaps)

Question 35

Sutural bones

Answer 35

tiny bones between cranial bones