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A&P I Lab > Chp. 13: Gross Anatomy of Muscular Skeleton (Head, Neck, Thorax) > Flashcards

Chp. 13: Gross Anatomy of Muscular Skeleton (Head, Neck, Thorax) Flashcards

1
Q

Agonists (prime movers)

A

Muscles responsible for producing a particular movement

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2
Q

Antagonists

A

Muscles that oppose or reverse a movement

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3
Q

Synergists

A

Aid the action of agonists by assisting with the same movement or by reducing undesirable or unnecessary movement.

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4
Q

Fixators

A

Specialization synergists; they immobilize the origin of a prime mover so that all the tension is exerted at the insertion

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5
Q

Rectus

A

Straight; a muscle with fibers running parallel to the midline

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6
Q

Transverse/ Oblique

A

Muscles that run at right angles respectively to the midline

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7
Q

Maximus

A

Largest

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8
Q

Minimus

A

Smallest

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9
Q

Longus

A

Long

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10
Q

Brevis

A

Short

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11
Q

Origin

A

Stationary, immovable, or less moveable attachment

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12
Q

Insertion

A

More moveable attachment

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13
Q

Frontal Belly (of Epicranius)

A

ORIGIN: Epicranial aponeurosis
INSERTION: Skin of eyebrows, root of nose
ACTION: Raises eyebrows

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14
Q

Occipital Belly (of Epicranius)

A

ORIGIN: Occipital and temporal bones
INSERTION: Epicranial aponeurosis
ACTION: Fixes aponeurosis and pulls scalp posteriorly

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15
Q

Orbicularis Orculi

A

ORIGIN: Frontal and maxillary bones and ligaments around orbit
INSERTION: Tissue of eyelid
ACTION: Closes Eye

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16
Q

Zygomaticus (major and minor)

A

ORIGIN: Zygomatic bone
INSERTION: Skin and Muscle at corner of mouth
ACTION: Raises lateral corners of mouth upward (smile)

17
Q

Orbicularis Oris

A

ORIGIN: Arises indirectly from maxilla and mandible; fibers blended with fibers of other muscles associated with lips
INSERTION: Encircles mouth; inserts into muscle and skin at angles of mouth
ACTION: Closes lips

18
Q

Buccinator

A

ORIGIN: Molar Region of Maxilla and Mandible
INSERTION: Orbicularis Oris
ACTION: Compresse Cheek

19
Q

Masseter

A

ORIGIN: Zygomatic Arch
INSERTION: Angle and Ramus of mandible
ACTION: Prime mover of jaw closure

20
Q

Temporalis

A

ORIGIN: Temporal Fossa
INSERTION: Coronoid Process of Mandible
ACTION: Closes Jaw

21
Q

Platysma

A

ORIGIN: Fascia of Chest (over pectoral muscles) and deltoid
INSERTION: Lower Margin of mandible, skin, and muscle at corner of mouth.
ACTION: Tenses skin of neck

22
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

ORIGIN: Manubrium and Medial portion of clavicle
INSERTION: Mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone
ACTION: Flexion of neck, rotate head toward shoulder on opposite side

23
Q

Sternohyoid

A

ORIGIN: Manubrium and medial end of clavicle
INSERTION: Lower margin of hyoid bone
ACTION: Depresses larynx and hyoid bone

24
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

ORIGIN: Clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6, and aponeurosis of external oblique muscle
INSERTION: Fibers converge to insert by short tendon into intertubercular sulcus of humerus
ACTION: Prime mover of arm flexion; adducts, medially rotates arm

25
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

ORIGIN: Lateral aspect of ribs 1-8
INSERTION: Vertebral border of anterior surface of scapula
ACTION: Prime mover to protract and hold scapula against chest wall; rotates scapula

26
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A

ORIGIN: Anterior surface of ribs 3-5, near their costal cartilages
INSERTION: Coracoid process of scapula
ACTION: With ribs fixed, draws scapula forward and inferiorly

27
Q

External Intercostals

A

ORIGIN: Inferior border of rib above
INSERTION: Superior border of rib below
ACTION: Pulls ribs toward one another to elevate rib cage (aids in inspiration)

28
Q

Internal Intercostals

A

ORIGIN: Superior border of rib below
INSERTION: Inferior border of rib above
ACTION: Draws ribs together to depress rib cage

29
Q

Diaphragm

A

ORIGIN: Inferior border of rib and sternum, costal cartilages of last six ribs and lumbar vertebrae
INSERTION: Central tendon
ACTION: Prime mover of inspiration flattens on contraction

30
Q

Rectus Abdominus

A

ORIGIN: Pubic crest and symphysis
INSERTION: Xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
ACTION: Flexes and rotates vertebral column

31
Q

External Oblique

A

ORIGIN: Anterior surface of lower eight ribs
INSERTION: Linea alba, pubic crest and tubercles, and illiac crest
ACTION: See rectus abdominus, compresses abdominal wall, trunk rotation and lateral flexion

32
Q

Internal Oblique

A

ORIGIN: Lumbar fascia, illiac crest, and inguinal ligament
INSERTION: Linea alba, pubic crest, and costal cartilages of last three ribs
ACTION: As for external oblique

33
Q

Transverse Abdominis

A

ORIGIN: Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, cartilages of last five ribs, and lumbar fascia
INSERTION: Linea alba and pubic crest
ACTION: Compresses abdominal contents

34
Q

Trapezius

A

ORIGIN: Occipital bone; ligamentum nuchae; spines of C7 and all thoracic vertebrae
INSERTION: Acromion and Spinous process of scapula; lateral third of clavicle
ACTION: Raises, rotates, and retracts (adducts) scapula and stabilizes it

35
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

ORIGIN: Indirect attachment to spinous process of lower six thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, last three ribs, illac crest
INSERTION: Floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
ACTION: Prime mover of arm extension; adducts and medially rotates arm

36
Q

Levator Scapulae

A

ORIGIN: Transverse processes of C1-C4
INSERTION: Medial border of scapula superior to spine
ACTION: Elevates and adducts scapula

37
Q

Rhomboids (major and minor)

A

ORIGIN: Spinous processes of C7 and T1-T5
INSERTION: Medial border of scapula
ACTION: Stabilizes scapulae

38
Q

Erector Spinae (Iliocostals, Longissimus, and Spinalis muscle columns)

A

ORIGIN: Iliac crest, transverse processes of lumbar, thoracic, and cervical vertebrae, and/or ribs 3-6 depending on specific part
INSERTION: Ribs and transverse processes of vertebrae about six segments above origin; longissimus also inserts into mastoid process
ACTION: Extend and bend the vertebral column laterally; fibers of the longissimus also extend and rotate head

39
Q

Quadratus lumborum

A

ORIGIN: Iliac crest and lumbar fascia
INSERTION: Inferior border of rib 12; transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
ACTION: Each flexes vertebral column laterally

A&P I Lab (8 decks)

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