Chp 6, 7 -MLK S Campaigns Flashcards
What happened during the Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-56)?
Aimed to tackle seg. on Southern Buses.
1st Dec 1955 Rosa Parks refused to give up seat, arrested and fined.
Montgomery Improvement Association (MAC) established with leader MLK and agreed to boycott buses until seg abolished.
Began on 2nd Dec, lasting a year with 85% boycotting.
Bus companies lost 65% revenue.
King arrested, media attention grew.
What was the significance of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
Showed the economic power of Black citizens. Significance of media shown. MLK brought to attention. Power of unity and DIRECT ACTION shown. Established SCLC.
What was the significance of Little Rock Campaign (1957)?
The length of opposition to deseg was shown
Gained authority of the President.
What happened during Little Rock 1957?
9 black students were to enrol into a white school.
Governer Orval Faubus heavily opposed and ordered Nation Guard to prevent it.
Eisenhower ordered Faubus to withdraw.
Eisenhower took National Guard under presidential control and ordered them to protect black students but faced huge white opposition.
They enrolled on 20th Sept.
Faubus closed all schools to avoid deseg.
All schools reopened in June 1959!
What was the significance of the Greensboro Sit Ins (1960)?
Increased amount of CR organisations.
Economic power showed as decrease by 1/3 in Woolworth profits.
Dec 1961- 810 towns had deseg public places.
Media showed the persecution and violences towards b.
What happened in the Greensboro Sit Ins (1960)?
Challenged segregation of public places.
4 students entered WW and sat on White only seats and refused to leave.
This escalated to over 400 turning up by day 4.
This influenced ‘read ins’ and over 70,000 took part by 1961.
What was the significance of the Freedom Rides (1961)?
Challenged segregation on interstate buses.
Organised by CORE, 7B 6W sat together on ISB.
They we’re attacked and police given day off so did not intervene.
Robert Kennedy forced deseg. on interstate buses.
What was the significance of the Albany Movement (1961-1962)?
Showed Peaceful protest doesn’t always work.
Led to divisions in the CRM and failed!
What happened in the Albany Movement?
Protests in Albany to end segregation.
Police Chief Laurier Pritchett had a new approach- treat protestors with Respect to reduce media attention.
MLK arrested but released to reduce attention.
Who was James Meredith?
A student unable to enrol in Uni of Mississippi. Supported by SC and Kennedy and enrolled.
What was the significance of the Birmingham Campaign (1963)?
Increase support for CRM. Large department stores were deseg. Media created sympathy. Kennedy began to discuss CR Bill Discrim in employment ended.
What happened in the Birmingham Campaign (1963) ?
Organised by SCLC and aimed deseg of public areas and schools.
1) King and SCLc march.
2) April 10th marches banned.
3) King defies ban and arrested- Letter from Birmingham written.
4) Children and teenagers recruited- effective but caused rifts.
5) Bull Connery angry and fire hoses children and sets on Police Dogs
6) GREAT media attention showing 1300 children arrested and hurt.
7) May 5th negotiations begin.
What was the significance of the March On Washington (1963)?
Presented CRM as a united front.
Increased white support for CRM.
Kennedy spoke of CR Bill.
What happened during the March On Washington (1963)?
SCLC, CORE, NAACP, SNCC working together.
20% of crown white.
Hoping 100,000 but 250,000 turned up.
Kings ‘I had a dream’ speech.
Media attention gathered and govt power for deseg of south .
What happened in the Mississippi Freedom Summer (1964)?
Aimed at Voting rights.
CORE and SNCC set up 30 ‘freedom schools’.
Hoped to get 17,000 more people to vote but only 1600 did.
Lowest black registered to vote! 6.2% in 1962.
37 B. Churches firebombed.
Led to Voting Rights Act 1965.
