Chp 6 Flashcards
Trait
A characteristic of an individual , describing a habitual way of behaving and thinking, or feeling.
Psychoanalysis
A theory of personality and a method of psychotherapy by frued. It emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts
Psychodynamic
Theories that explain behaviour and personality in terms of unconscious energy dynamics within dynamics.
Id
In psychoanalysis, the part containing inherited psychic energy, particularly sexual and aggressive instincts.
Libido
In psychoanalysis the psychic energy that fuel the life or sexual instincts of id
Ego
In psychoanalysis, the part of the personality that represents reason l, good sense l, and rational self control.
Superego
In psychoanalysis the part of personality that represents conscience, morality, and social standards.
Defence mechanisms
Methods used by the ego to prevent unconscious anxiety or threatening thoughts from entering consciousness.
Personality
A distinctive and relatively stable pattern of behaviour, thoughts, motives, and emotions that characterizes an individual.
Psychosexual Stages
Frued: the idea that sexual energy takes different forms as the child matures ; the stages are oral, anal, and phallic (oedipal), latency, and genital.
Oedipus Complex
In psychoanalysis, a conflict occurring in the phallic stage, in which the child desires the parent of the other sex and views the same sex parent as a rival.
Collective unconscious
Jungian theory: the universal memories and experiences of humankind, represented in the symbols, stories and images (archetypes) that occur across all cultures.
Archetypes
Universal symbolic images that appear in myths, art, stories, and dreams; to jungians they reflect the collective unconscious.
Object - relations school
A psychodynamic approach that emphasizes the importance of the infants first two years of life and the baby’s formative relationships, especially with the mother.
Objective tests (inventories)
Standardized questionnaires requiring written responses; they typically include scales on which people are asked to rate themselves.
Factor Analysis
A statistical method for analyzing the intercorrelations among various measures or test scores; clusters of measures of scores that are highly correlated are assumed to measure the same underlying trait or ability, or factor.
Temperaments
Physiological dispositions to respond to the environment in certain ways; they are present in infancy and in many non human species are assumed to be innate.
Heritability
A statistical estimate of the proportion of the total variance in some trait is attributable to genetic differences among individuals within a group.
Reciprocal determinism
In social cognitive theories, the two way interaction between aspects of the environment and aspects of the individual in the shaping of personality traits.
Non shared environment
Unique aspects of a persons environment and experience that are not shared with family members.
Culture
A program of shared rules that governs the behaviour of members of a community or society and a set of values, beliefs, and attitudes shared by most members of that community
Individualistic cultures
Cultures in which the self is regarded as autonomous, and individual goals and wishes prized above duty and relations with others
Collectivist cultures
Cultures in which the self is regarded as embedded in relationships, and harmony with ones group is prized above individual goals.
Humanist Psychology
A psychological approach just emphasizes personal growth, resilience, and the achievement of human potential.
Unconditional positive regard
Carl Rogers: love or support given to another person with no conditions attached.
Existentialism
A philosophical approach the emphasizes the inevitable challenges and dilemmas of human existence.
