Chp 6

Question 1

Trait

Answer 1

A characteristic of an individual , describing a habitual way of behaving and thinking, or feeling.

Question 2

Psychoanalysis

Answer 2

A theory of personality and a method of psychotherapy by frued. It emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts

Question 3

Psychodynamic

Answer 3

Theories that explain behaviour and personality in terms of unconscious energy dynamics within dynamics.

Question 4

Id

Answer 4

In psychoanalysis, the part containing inherited psychic energy, particularly sexual and aggressive instincts.

Question 5

Libido

Answer 5

In psychoanalysis the psychic energy that fuel the life or sexual instincts of id

Question 6

Ego

Answer 6

In psychoanalysis, the part of the personality that represents reason l, good sense l, and rational self control.

Question 7

Superego

Answer 7

In psychoanalysis the part of personality that represents conscience, morality, and social standards.

Question 8

Defence mechanisms

Answer 8

Methods used by the ego to prevent unconscious anxiety or threatening thoughts from entering consciousness.

Question 9

Personality

Answer 9

A distinctive and relatively stable pattern of behaviour, thoughts, motives, and emotions that characterizes an individual.

Question 10

Psychosexual Stages

Answer 10

Frued: the idea that sexual energy takes different forms as the child matures ; the stages are oral, anal, and phallic (oedipal), latency, and genital.

Question 11

Oedipus Complex

Answer 11

In psychoanalysis, a conflict occurring in the phallic stage, in which the child desires the parent of the other sex and views the same sex parent as a rival.

Question 12

Collective unconscious

Answer 12

Jungian theory: the universal memories and experiences of humankind, represented in the symbols, stories and images (archetypes) that occur across all cultures.

Question 13

Archetypes

Answer 13

Universal symbolic images that appear in myths, art, stories, and dreams; to jungians they reflect the collective unconscious.

Question 14

Object - relations school

Answer 14

A psychodynamic approach that emphasizes the importance of the infants first two years of life and the baby’s formative relationships, especially with the mother.

Question 15

Objective tests (inventories)

Answer 15

Standardized questionnaires requiring written responses; they typically include scales on which people are asked to rate themselves.

Question 16

Factor Analysis

Answer 16

A statistical method for analyzing the intercorrelations among various measures or test scores; clusters of measures of scores that are highly correlated are assumed to measure the same underlying trait or ability, or factor.

Question 17

Temperaments

Answer 17

Physiological dispositions to respond to the environment in certain ways; they are present in infancy and in many non human species are assumed to be innate.

Question 18

Heritability

Answer 18

A statistical estimate of the proportion of the total variance in some trait is attributable to genetic differences among individuals within a group.

Question 19

Reciprocal determinism

Answer 19

In social cognitive theories, the two way interaction between aspects of the environment and aspects of the individual in the shaping of personality traits.

Question 20

Non shared environment

Answer 20

Unique aspects of a persons environment and experience that are not shared with family members.

Question 21

Culture

Answer 21

A program of shared rules that governs the behaviour of members of a community or society and a set of values, beliefs, and attitudes shared by most members of that community

Question 22

Individualistic cultures

Answer 22

Cultures in which the self is regarded as autonomous, and individual goals and wishes prized above duty and relations with others

Question 23

Collectivist cultures

Answer 23

Cultures in which the self is regarded as embedded in relationships, and harmony with ones group is prized above individual goals.

Question 24

Humanist Psychology

Answer 24

A psychological approach just emphasizes personal growth, resilience, and the achievement of human potential.

Question 25

Unconditional positive regard

Answer 25

Carl Rogers: love or support given to another person with no conditions attached.

Question 26

Existentialism

Answer 26

A philosophical approach the emphasizes the inevitable challenges and dilemmas of human existence.