Chp. 5

Question 1

Which plasma membrane component can be either found on its surface or embedded in the membrane structure?

Answer 1

protein

Question 2

water moves via osmosis _____

Answer 2

from an area with a high concentration of water to one of lower concentration

Question 3

the principal force driving movement in diffusion is the

Answer 3

concentration gradient

Question 4

what problem is faced by organisms that live in fresh water?

Answer 4

their bodies tend to take in too much water

Question 5

which of the following organelles relies on exocytosis to complete its function

Answer 5

Golgi apparatus

Question 6

Many viruses enter host cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis. What is an advantage of this entry strategy?

Answer 6

the virus only enters its target host cell type

Question 7

which transport mechanism can bring whole cells into a cell

Answer 7

phagocytosis

Question 8

what happens to the membrane of a vesicle after exocytosis

Answer 8

it fuses with and becomes part of the plasma membrane

Question 9

what is the combination of an electrical gradient and a concentration gradient called

Answer 9

electrochemical gradient

Question 10

in which situation would passive transport NOT use a transport protein for entry into a cell

Answer 10

oxygen moving into a cell after oxygen deprivation

Question 11

Carbohydrates are attached to some of the proteins and lipids on the membrane’s outward-facing surface, forming complexes that function to _____ the cell to other cells

Answer 11

identify

Question 12

modern scientists refer to the plasma membrane as the ____ model

Answer 12

fluid mosaic

Question 13

The membrane’s fluid nature is due to temperature, fatty acid tail configuration (some kinked by _____ bonds), cholesterol ­­­­presence embedded in the membrane, and the mosaic nature of the proteins and protein-carbohydrate combinations, which are not firmly fixed in place.

Answer 13

double

Question 14

The passive transport forms, ______ and osmosis, move materials of small molecular weight across membranes.

Answer 14

diffusion

Question 15

Many factors can affect the diffusion rate, such as concentration gradient, diffusing, particle sizes, and the system’s _____

Answer 15

temperature

Question 16

Moving substances up their electrochemical gradients requires _______ from the cell.

Answer 16

energy

Question 17

Active transport of small molecular-sized materials uses integral proteins in the cell membrane to move the materials. These proteins are analogous to ______

Answer 17

pumps

Question 18

In a process scientists call _____, other cells can engulf large particles, such as macromolecules, cell parts, or whole cells

Answer 18

phagocytosis

Question 19

In phagocytosis, a portion of the membrane ______ and flows around the particle, eventually pinching off and leaving the particle entirely enclosed by a plasma membrane’s envelope.

Answer 19

invaginates

Question 20

______ imports substances that the cell needs from the extracellular fluid.

Answer 20

pinocytosis