Chp. 2

Question 1

If xenon has an atomic number of 54 and a mass number of 108, how many neutrons does it have?

Answer 1

54

Question 2

atoms that vary in the number of neutrons found in their nuclei are called

Answer 2

isotopes

Question 3

Potassium has an atomic number of 19. What is its electron configuration?

Answer 3

shells 1, 2, and 3 are full and shell 4 has one electron

Question 4

which type of bond represents a weak chemical bond

Answer 4

hydrogen bond

Question 5

which of the following statements is not true?

Answer 5

water is the most abundant molecule in the earth’s atmosphere

Question 6

when acids are added to a solution, the pH should ___

Answer 6

decrease

Question 7

we call a molecule that binds up excess hydrogen ions in a solution a

Answer 7

base

Question 8

which of the following statements is true?

Answer 8

acids and bases will neutralize each other

Question 9

each carbon molecule can bond with as many as _____ other atoms or molecules

Answer 9

four

Question 10

which of the following is not a functional group that can bond with carbon

Answer 10

sodium

Question 11

matter is anything that occupies

Answer 11

space

Question 12

all of the _____ elements that occur naturally have unique qualities that allow them to combine in various ways to create molecules, which in turn combine to form cells, tissues, organs, systems, and organisms.

Answer 12

98

Question 13

_____ can transfer, share, or cause charge disparities between atoms to create bonds, including ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds, as well as van der Waals interactions.

Answer 13

electrons

Question 14

The hydrogen bonds between water molecules cause the water to have a

Answer 14

high heat capacity

Question 15

Water also exhibits a ______, which is key to how organisms cool themselves by evaporating sweat.

Answer 15

high heat of vaporization

Question 16

Water’s ______ allow for the property of surface tension; whereas, we see its adhesive properties as water rises inside capillary tubes

Answer 16

cohesive forces

Question 17

Acids and bases can change pH values, but ______ tend to moderate the changes they cause.

Answer 17

buffers

Question 18

Carbon has four electrons in its outermost shell and can form four ______ bonds

Answer 18

covalent

Question 19

_______ are groups of atoms that confer specific properties to hydrocarbon (or substituted hydrocarbon) chains or rings that define their overall chemical characteristics and function.

Answer 19

Functional groups