Chp. 3

Question 1

membranes’ major constituent; comprised of two fatty acids and a phosphate-containing group attached to a glycerol backbone

Answer 1

phospholipid

Question 2

covalent chemical bond that holds together the polynucleotide chains with a phosphate group linking neighboring nucleotides’ two pentose sugars

Answer 2

phosphodiester linkage

Question 3

chemical signaling molecule, usually protein or steroid, secreted by endocrine cells that act to control or regulate specific physiological processes

Answer 3

hormone

Question 4

loss of shape in a protein as a result of changes in temperature, pH, or chemical exposure

Answer 4

denaturation

Question 5

protein that helps nascent protein in the folding process

Answer 5

chaperone

Question 6

type of secondary protein structure formed by folding the polypeptide into a helix shape with hydrogen bonds stabilizing the structure

Answer 6

alpha-helix structure (a-helix)

Question 7

bond formed between two amino acids by a dehydration reaction

Answer 7

amino bond

Question 8

catalyst in a biochemical reaction that is usually a complex or conjugated protein

Answer 8

enzyme

Question 9

linear sequence of amino acids in a protein

Answer 9

primary structure

Question 10

bond formed by a dehydration reaction between two monosaccharides with eliminating a water molecule

Answer 10

glycosidic bond

Question 11

dehydration synthesis leads to formation of

Answer 11

water and polymers

Question 12

an example of a monosaccharide is

Answer 12

galactose, glucose, fructose

Question 13

cellulose and starch are examples of

Answer 13

polysaccharides

Question 14

lactose is a disaccharide formed by the formation of a _____ bond between glucose and _____

Answer 14

glycosidic; galactose

Question 15

which of the following is not an extracellular matrix role of carbohydrates?

Answer 15

provide energy for muscle movement (they do maintain the shape of a fungal spore, prevent plant cells from lysing after the plant is watered, protect an insect’s internal organs from external trauma)

Question 16

saturated fats have all of the following characteristics except:

Answer 16

they tend to dissolve in water easily (characteristics they have: they are solid at room temperature, they are usually obtained from animal sources, they have single bonds within the carbon chain)

Question 17

the monomers that make up proteins are called

Answer 17

amino acids

Question 18

Mad cow disease is an infectious prion disease where one misfolded protein causes all other copies of the protein to begin misfolding. This is an example of a disease impacting ____ structure.

Answer 18

tertiary

Question 19

a nucleotide of DNA may contain

Answer 19

deoxyribose, thymine, and a phosphate group

Question 20

how does the double helix structure of DNA support its role in encoding the genome

Answer 20

complementary base pairing creates a very stable structure