Chp 4 Motor learning Flashcards
What is the triad to motor learning and development in children
the skill being learned, the environment, and the person (like behavior attitude and motivation play a major role in all of this). Remember childs don’t have road maps like adults do. They have to program them still in his or her heads
What are somethings that affect the environmental catagorey of this triad???
think like surface objects is firm or soft closed or open moving or stationairy etc..
Also intertiral variability (are the conditions the same each time or different when the person is walking or running or etc.. )
What are the two types of knowledge recquired during learning
Explicit like book knowledge or declarative knowledge like factual knowledge and implicit knowledge like procedural knowledge like muscle memory etc… harder to explain versus something like book knowledge.
Two stages of learning according to Gentile 1st stage and second stage
1st stage- involves the learner trying to attempt attain some type degree or success at achieveing the goal. trials ill be inconsistent from time to time.
2nd stage is the “later stages” the person needs to achieve 3 charaterics - 1) capacity of adapting the movement learned in the intial stage to different enviorments
2). consistency of achieveing the movement needs to be successful over and over again
3) the person needs to reduction of energy to produc an economy of effort the movement needs to energy efficient.
Transfer of training and generalizability explain
When is a “demonstration” of a task effective
Transfer of training is the idea of taking one task and being able to transfer it to a real world scenario
Generalizablity - trying to make the practice context as similar as it is to the real life situation so transfer is not that hard.
Demonstration is good when the person hasn’t performed the task before and it involves a series of coordinated movements.
Verbral instructions internal focus vs external focus
internal focus- the is focusing a very detailed description of the task like make sure your foot is parallel to the floor during swing phase
External focus- just saying something like put foot on step
needless to say what is the best way to give verbral instructions is to be concise and brief with them according to research.
How often should the therapist feedback
the feed back should be given probadly ever so often and focus on one part of a task compared to many pg 156 Campbell.
Contextual interference blocked vs. random
blocked - is least amount of contextual interference
random- has the highest level of contextual interference.
massed vs. distributed practice which is better
massed practice - is when there are longer periods of practice with lesser breaks
distributed is when there is - less practice with shorter breaks in between
these two terms are defined in terms of time.
massed is better for short tasks like reaching and grasping
however distributed is better for task such as continuous movement task such as tasks like running, cycling, and swimming.
Practice specificity
the need for comparable practice situations and real life scenarios and the idea of transferability is a lot easier with this idea in mind
How to make a skill easier
1) reduce the speed of the task 2) reduce the size of the object 3) reduce the attention demands that the level of the skill.requires
what type of practice do you want to use???
age, task, complexity, and skill level.
Task-oriented training
Constraint induced therapy what is this???
top down approach that works on activity level and then down to the impairment level.
Constraint induced therapy is basically the use of the affected limb instead of the using the unaffected limb to compensate. It promotes the use of both limbs in order to prevent the misuse of the affected side because if that side is never used it will be neglected and the person will become.
Why isn’t this constraint therapy good for kids
number one they are still motorly developing and need to learn how to use the affected first before it is to late. Also secondly to have a child wrapped up like is both psychologically and physically invasive and can be detrimental to the child. Third the CIMT foucses on people with functional independence and quality of life in children with hemiplegia. have a functioning dominant hand.
Bimanunal training
why is this good. Because someone who might be more one side brain domininat. Then basically after unilateral damage it is important to treat both sides equally because this will help with normal anatomical growth and maturation patterns in little kids.
