Chp 30 Flashcards
Tetrapod
a superclass of animals that includes all limbed vertebrates
Pentamerous radial symmetry
Five-pointed. The body can be divided into five parts (or appendages) which point outward from the center of the body.
Endoskeleton
an internal skeleton, such as the bony or cartilaginous skeleton of vertebrates.
Ossicles
a very small bone found in the middle ear.
Pedicellariae
Jaw-like pincers located on the spines of Echinodermata that discourage barnacles and other fouling organisms from settling on their surfaces.
Water vascular system
consists of canals and appendages that function in locomotion, feeding, sensory reception, and gas exchange.
Tube feet
Function in locomotion, feeding, and respiration in echinoderms.
Cloacal trees
cloacal structures used for respiration.
Autotomy
The ability to detach a limb to escape a predator.
Bipinnaria
Bilaterally symmetrical ciliated larva.
Holdfast
An organ or structure of attachment
Dioecious
having the male and female reproductive organs in separate individuals.
Calyx
The body of a crinoid.
Tegmen
Leathery surface of the calyx.
Pinnules
Feathery branches that make up the arms of crinoids.
Cirri
ring shaped ossicles and branches found on the stalk of echinoderms.
Central disk
Central region of sea stars & brittle stars from which rays or arms radiate; contains madreporite, mouth, & anus
Brachiolaria
the second stage of larval development in many starfishes. It follows the bipinnaria
Ambulacral grooves
found on the oral side (underside) of the star fish and extends from the mouth to the end of each ray, or arm.
Madreporite
Sieve plate that connects the internal water vascular system to the exterior.
Test
the hard shell of some marine animals
Aristotle’s lantern
A feeding organ made up of hard plates that come together like a beak
Evisceration
ejection of organs as a defensive action by an animal.
Sole
Three Bambulacra that sea cucumbers use to lie on their side.
Tentacles
are used for feeling, grasping, or moving
Cuverian threads
threads that extrude from the hindgut of sea cucumber to wrap around a threatening organism.
Aboral
relating to or denoting the side or end that is furthest from the mouth.
Notochord
a cartilaginous skeletal rod supporting the body in all embryonic and some adult chordate animals
Dorsal nerve chord
Unique to chordates, the dorsal nerve chord is a hollow cord dorsal to the notochord and is formed from a part of the mesoderm.
Pharyngeal pouches
formed on the endodermal side between thepharyngealarches in embryonic development.
Postanal tail
Apost-anal tailis an extension of the body that runs past the anal opening.
Proboscis
an elongated appendage from the head of an animal.
Neural crest
A group of embryonic cells that contribute to forming the cranium, jaws, teeth, and some nerves.
Anadromous
migrating up rivers from the sea to spawn.
Claspers
Modified pelvic fins in male chondrichthyes that aid in sperm transfer.
Spiracles
an external respiratory opening.
Ovoviviparous
Species of fish in which the eggs develop in the female without placental attachment and hatch immediately before birth.
Operculum
A protective flap which covers the gills.
Swim bladder
a gas-filled sac present in the body of many bony fishes, used to maintain and control buoyancy.
Ectotherms
Organisms that control their body heat through external sources.
Lateral line system
asystemof sense organs found in aquatic vertebrates, used to detect movement, vibration, and pressure gradients in the surrounding water.
Integument
a tough outer protective layer.
Nares
Nostrils
Nictitating membrane
An eyelid that protects the eyes.
Tympanic membrane
a membrane forming part of the organ of hearing, which vibrates in response to sound waves.
Mesolecithal
Eggs which have a large yolk and jellylike membranes.
Noetenic
the retention, by adults in a species, of traits previously seen only in juveniles
Yolk sac
a membranoussacattached to an embryo that provides nourishment for the embryo at the earliest stages of development
Amnion
the innermost membrane that encloses the embryo of a mammal, bird, or reptile.
Chorion
the outermost membrane surrounding an embryo of a reptile, bird, or mammal
Allantois
the fetal membrane lying below the chorion in many vertebrates
Carapace
Dorsal portion of the shell of box turtles.
Plastron
Ventral portion of the shell of box turtles.
Plumage
a bird’s feathers collectively
Pterylae
one of the feathered areas on the skin of a bird
Uropygial gland
in birds, an organ located on the back near the base of the tail.
Calamus
the hollow shaft of a feather, also known as the quill
Rachis
the central shaft of pennaceous feathers.
Vane
Filaments (barbs) that makeup the flatlike structure on each side of the feather.
Placental
Blood flows between mother and fetus through theplacenta, supplying oxygen and nutrients to the fetus and carrying away fetal waste products
Pelage
the fur, hair, or wool of a mammal.
Mammary glands
the milk-producing gland of female mammals.
Precocial
hatched or born in an advanced state and able to feed itself almost immediately.
Altricial
hatched or born in an undeveloped state and requiring care and feeding by the parents.
