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Biology 202 > Chp 30 > Flashcards

Chp 30 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Tetrapod

A

a superclass of animals that includes all limbed vertebrates

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2
Q

Pentamerous radial symmetry

A

Five-pointed. The body can be divided into five parts (or appendages) which point outward from the center of the body.

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3
Q

Endoskeleton

A

an internal skeleton, such as the bony or cartilaginous skeleton of vertebrates.

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4
Q

Ossicles

A

a very small bone found in the middle ear.

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5
Q

Pedicellariae

A

Jaw-like pincers located on the spines of Echinodermata that discourage barnacles and other fouling organisms from settling on their surfaces.

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6
Q

Water vascular system

A

consists of canals and appendages that function in locomotion, feeding, sensory reception, and gas exchange.

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7
Q

Tube feet

A

Function in locomotion, feeding, and respiration in echinoderms.

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8
Q

Cloacal trees

A

cloacal structures used for respiration.

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9
Q

Autotomy

A

The ability to detach a limb to escape a predator.

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10
Q

Bipinnaria

A

Bilaterally symmetrical ciliated larva.

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11
Q

Holdfast

A

An organ or structure of attachment

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12
Q

Dioecious

A

having the male and female reproductive organs in separate individuals.

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13
Q

Calyx

A

The body of a crinoid.

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14
Q

Tegmen

A

Leathery surface of the calyx.

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15
Q

Pinnules

A

Feathery branches that make up the arms of crinoids.

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16
Q

Cirri

A

ring shaped ossicles and branches found on the stalk of echinoderms.

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17
Q

Central disk

A

Central region of sea stars & brittle stars from which rays or arms radiate; contains madreporite, mouth, & anus

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18
Q

Brachiolaria

A

the second stage of larval development in many starfishes. It follows the bipinnaria

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19
Q

Ambulacral grooves

A

found on the oral side (underside) of the star fish and extends from the mouth to the end of each ray, or arm.

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20
Q

Madreporite

A

Sieve plate that connects the internal water vascular system to the exterior.

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21
Q

Test

A

the hard shell of some marine animals

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22
Q

Aristotle’s lantern

A

A feeding organ made up of hard plates that come together like a beak

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23
Q

Evisceration

A

ejection of organs as a defensive action by an animal.

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24
Q

Sole

A

Three Bambulacra that sea cucumbers use to lie on their side.

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25
Q

Tentacles

A

are used for feeling, grasping, or moving

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26
Q

Cuverian threads

A

threads that extrude from the hindgut of sea cucumber to wrap around a threatening organism.

27
Q

Aboral

A

relating to or denoting the side or end that is furthest from the mouth.

28
Q

Notochord

A

a cartilaginous skeletal rod supporting the body in all embryonic and some adult chordate animals

29
Q

Dorsal nerve chord

A

Unique to chordates, the dorsal nerve chord is a hollow cord dorsal to the notochord and is formed from a part of the mesoderm.

30
Q

Pharyngeal pouches

A

formed on the endodermal side between thepharyngealarches in embryonic development.

31
Q

Postanal tail

A

Apost-anal tailis an extension of the body that runs past the anal opening.

32
Q

Proboscis

A

an elongated appendage from the head of an animal.

33
Q

Neural crest

A

A group of embryonic cells that contribute to forming the cranium, jaws, teeth, and some nerves.

34
Q

Anadromous

A

migrating up rivers from the sea to spawn.

35
Q

Claspers

A

Modified pelvic fins in male chondrichthyes that aid in sperm transfer.

36
Q

Spiracles

A

an external respiratory opening.

37
Q

Ovoviviparous

A

Species of fish in which the eggs develop in the female without placental attachment and hatch immediately before birth.

38
Q

Operculum

A

A protective flap which covers the gills.

39
Q

Swim bladder

A

a gas-filled sac present in the body of many bony fishes, used to maintain and control buoyancy.

40
Q

Ectotherms

A

Organisms that control their body heat through external sources.

41
Q

Lateral line system

A

asystemof sense organs found in aquatic vertebrates, used to detect movement, vibration, and pressure gradients in the surrounding water.

42
Q

Integument

A

a tough outer protective layer.

43
Q

Nares

A

Nostrils

44
Q

Nictitating membrane

A

An eyelid that protects the eyes.

45
Q

Tympanic membrane

A

a membrane forming part of the organ of hearing, which vibrates in response to sound waves.

46
Q

Mesolecithal

A

Eggs which have a large yolk and jellylike membranes.

47
Q

Noetenic

A

the retention, by adults in a species, of traits previously seen only in juveniles

48
Q

Yolk sac

A

a membranoussacattached to an embryo that provides nourishment for the embryo at the earliest stages of development

49
Q

Amnion

A

the innermost membrane that encloses the embryo of a mammal, bird, or reptile.

50
Q

Chorion

A

the outermost membrane surrounding an embryo of a reptile, bird, or mammal

51
Q

Allantois

A

the fetal membrane lying below the chorion in many vertebrates

52
Q

Carapace

A

Dorsal portion of the shell of box turtles.

53
Q

Plastron

A

Ventral portion of the shell of box turtles.

54
Q

Plumage

A

a bird’s feathers collectively

55
Q

Pterylae

A

one of the feathered areas on the skin of a bird

56
Q

Uropygial gland

A

in birds, an organ located on the back near the base of the tail.

57
Q

Calamus

A

the hollow shaft of a feather, also known as the quill

58
Q

Rachis

A

the central shaft of pennaceous feathers.

59
Q

Vane

A

Filaments (barbs) that makeup the flatlike structure on each side of the feather.

60
Q

Placental

A

Blood flows between mother and fetus through theplacenta, supplying oxygen and nutrients to the fetus and carrying away fetal waste products

61
Q

Pelage

A

the fur, hair, or wool of a mammal.

62
Q

Mammary glands

A

the milk-producing gland of female mammals.

63
Q

Precocial

A

hatched or born in an advanced state and able to feed itself almost immediately.

64
Q

Altricial

A

hatched or born in an undeveloped state and requiring care and feeding by the parents.

Biology 202 (8 decks)

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