Chp 3: Tetrapods Flashcards
0
Q
Class amphibia
A
350 mya
Labyrinthodonts= first amphibians, large
“Maze tooth” like rhipidistian fish
1
Q
What do terrestrial organisms need?
A
- lungs
- skin resistant to abrasion, desiccation
- sense organs in air
- vertebral regions specialized
- girdles anchored to skeleton
- strong limbs, bones, + muscles
- protected embryos
2
Q
Characteristics to first appear in amphibians
A
- fleshy, movable tongue
- middle ear bone = columella (homologous to stapes)
- glands to moisten eye + movable eyelids
- limbs
- lungs? (Lungfish)
3
Q
Lissamphibians (living)
A
200 mya Frogs, salamanders, caecilians -moist, glandular skin w/o scales (no keratin, no dermal bone) -frogs "Anuran" -salamander "urodel"
4
Q
Class reptilia
A
300 mya
Terrestrial
*1st amniotic egg
*1st epidermal scale
5
Q
Special Reptilia Characteristics
A
Keratinized, desiccation-resistant skin
- epidermal scales
- claws
- solid ribs
- extra-embryonic membranes surround young
6
Q
Amniotic egg
A
- yolk (food source)
- allantois (waste product)
- chorion (gas exchange)
- amnion (cushion)
- shell (protection)
7
Q
Cotylosaurs
A
Stem reptile
8
Q
Parareptilia
A
- carapace (dorsal surface)
- plastron (ventral surface)
- turtles, tortoises -anapsid
9
Q
Eureptilia; Lepidosauromorpha
A
- ichthyosaurs (marine, extinct)
- plesiosaurs (marine, extinct)
- snakes
- lizards
- all have diapsid skull (2 temporal openings)
10
Q
Eureptilia; Archosauromorpha
A
Thecodonts= stem archosaur
“Deep socket tooth”
Bipedal, long neck, strong pelvis
Gave rise to:
Pterosaurs (flying reptiles)
Crocodiles
Birds
11
Q
Dinosaurs
A
-ornothischians (not related to birds)
Bird-shaped pelvis
-sairischians
12
Q
Dinosaurs and Birds
A
- fused clavicles
- sternum
- scapula long + thin
- swivel wrist
- endothermic?
- loss of finger digits
- pubis backward
- bipedal
- 3 foreword pointing toes
13
Q
Class Aves
A
Birds (avion) 150 mya *feathers from epidermal scales -surface area, yet lightweight -insulation for endothermy -flighty (in most) (secondary) 1861 Archaeopteryx fossil found Both feathers + teeth Great diversity in modern birds
14
Q
Subclass Synapsida
A
"Mammal like" reptiles -moderate size -active carnivore -specialized teeth -skull with 1 temporal fenestra -1 small group gave rise to mammals Ex: Pelycosaurs, Therapsids
